Intercultural Marriage Essay

Just as some of Asian women are eager to have a Western life-partner, which is known as a romantic partner, some of Western men also desired an Asian life partner because they thought an Asian wife is responsible to their future family. Things are perfect in our imagination, yet it changes when we confront reality. Marriage is not only unification between a male and female who love each other, but also a commitment between two people to appreciate and to encourage one another no matter in joy or sorrow. Before there were only minor couples that had courage to take an intercultural marriage because its too risky. Nevertheless, nowadays the number of intercultural marriages have been increased due to the easiness of immigration. There are many difficulties of an intercultural marriage, such as living environment (style), communication and way to bring children up. The first difficulty of an intercultural marriage is the living environment. Marrying someone from a different culture is absolutely not the same as marrying someone from same culture. Every country possesses its own living style and different habits as well. People who grow up in a different culture have different backgrounds and views concerning family. Some cultures consider their family important while some cultures don’t. For instance, Asian people are taught to respect their parents even though they already got married. On the contrary, Western teenagers usually leave their house and prefer to live with their lovers at their 20s. Sometimes, these individuals’ families demand too much on their son/daughter in law which is uncomfortable. For instance, when the Chinese New Year comes, the family from the wife and husband will assemble together. It’s already a tradition that the oldest son’s wife has to prepare everything like cooking for the big family, cleaning and setting the house and etc, which is tiring and very hard. Problem is caused when either side doesn’t agree to do the duty. These things usually will cause conflicts to the marriage life. In brief, even though living style is a small problem, it’s too sensitive that conflicts could occur between the couple. The second obstacle that an intercultural marriage couple might encounter is communication. Communication is an essential part in every relationship. Due to the fact that an intercultural marriage couple speaks different mother language, lack of language is the first problem to exist in their lives. In this case, husband and wife normally will choose to a speak well-known language, English. Speaking a second language is troublesome; we aren’t able to express our true feelings, there would be some words that we couldn’t interpret into English properly. For instance, when couple having fight, clear explanation is the best thing to end the quarrel. Using a second language, we can’t actually express something easily and directly. Sometimes since we have to think what is the word in English which is make us fretful and become angrier. Because of this reason the quarrel is become worst. For Language problem could lead the couples to misunderstanding that caused a quarrel. In the end, sometimes lack of language might be the most destructive thing to an intercultural marriage. The third obstacle that an intercultural marriage might go through is about how they are going to bring their children up. For this problem, parents have to meet an agreement; whether they will raise the children as a bilingual or not, whose culture they want to emphasize in the family etc. For instance, in our country, when we are eating with parents or with someone who older than us we have to say permission to start eating the food. On the contrary, in the U. S we don’t have to do that, we can eat without having permission from the others. Then, different from the U.  S, in my country it’s really disrespectful to enter someone’s house without taking off our shoes. Some different cultures have different habit, sometimes spouse start criticizing one and another about their foreign habit which is unpleasant to be seen by the children. Parents also have to decide which language will the children speak. Every parent wants their children to be able to speak their native language, it would bring pride to them. If they can’t meet an agreement then it would be a war in their lives. In conclusion, there are a lot of obstacles in intercultural marriage that he couple couldn’t avoid. Marriage is not a simple thing to do, we don’t have to be hurry on making the decision. All of people have the same hope that married only once in a lifetime and have a happy existence. We have to think the benefits and the challenges of an intercultural marriage as much as possible. There are three most common obstacles in reality; life style, communication and method to raise their children. People might think those things are small problems, but sometimes those problems could break the couples up.

Our Decisions Determine Our Destiny

Our whole life is based on the decisions we make, whether it is big decisions like if we choose to go to college, get married, or have kids, or even smaller decisions such as If we decide to turn left or right on a walk. All of these decisions that we make In life can change our future, and of course we all want to make the right decisions so that we have a good future. God is so wonderful that he equipped us with moral law, which provides ways to tell the difference between a good act and a bad act.Through our conscience, God is speaking to us from the core of our being, indicating acts that are good and warns us of acts that are evil. An amazing poem by an anonymous author highlights the importance of keeping a good Catholic morality: Watch your thoughts, they become your words. Watch your words, they become your actions. Watch your actions, they become your habits. Watch your habits, they become your character. Watch your character, It becomes your destiny. The first line of the p oem states â€Å"Watch your thoughts, they become your words. â€Å"Every thing that comes out of our mouths comes from a thought- whether consciously or unconsciously. If we never think of anything, then we wont do anything. Usually, a kind, happy thought precedes kind, happy words. It can also go the other way in terms of kind thoughts. The poem reminds us to â€Å"watch† our thoughts because part of having goods morals means being kind. We don't want to say anything that we will regret saying or that makes us seem like a bad person. The next line adds on to the poem by stating â€Å"Watch your words, they become your actions.Our bodies instinctively follow the words we are saying- whether they are sour or sweet. If we say things enough, then we will actually do them. For example, someone can think that they don't like their unrecognized room and want to clean It. That person then tells their mother that they are going to clean It. Over time and countless comments regard ing them cleaning their room, they finally do clean their room. Another example could be If someone wants to show off to his or her friends.Thinking that throwing water balloons at a stranger's car would make them cooler,† they say that they will, and eventually they do. The third line of the poems continues this trend by stating â€Å"Watch your actions, they become your habits. Believe it or not, it only takes 21 times for the mind to recognize something as a habit. If we continue to do something, over and over, it becomes a habit to us. For example, every morning for school I wake up at 6:00. This becomes a routine, or habit for me. Sometimes we can develop bad habits that deflect from our true beings.We need to remember to make good actions so that hey become good habits. â€Å"Watch your habits, they become your character. † This Is a very strong statement and Is true. The decisions we make can depend greatly on the values and Inclinations that we have Internalize d over the years. Character refers to those features and attributes that make up our individuality. Good character results when we cultivate good qualities, habits, and patterns of behavior- that incline us to make good moral decisions. Catholicism identifies essential virtues- faith, hope, and love, known as the theological virtues.They are gifts from God that help us develop a better relationship with God. By living faithfully, hopefully, and lovingly, we cooperate with God's gifts of faith, hope, and love. God also gives us the cardinal virtues of prudence, Justice, fortitude, and temperance. We strive to have these personal character strengths that direct us toward Christ-like behavior and provide discipline for our passions and emotions. The final line of the poem states â€Å"Watch your character, it becomes your destiny. † Our destiny is our lot in life, the future or our fate.However you're perceived, the way n which your behavior toward others is received will become the shape and rhythm of your days. We as humans have the power to changer our destiny, Just by what we think, say, and do. Everything revolves around the choices we make, using our conscience. God has given us many gifts, but one of the most wonderful gifts of all is our conscience because it directs us to use all our gifts for the good of the community, the common good. The decisions we make decide who we are and our destiny. Used correctly, our conscience can lead us to ultimate happiness with God.

Non Profit Corp Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Non Profit Corp Law - Essay Example A corporation is permitted under the Virginia State laws on nonprofit corporation to pay compensation of some reasonable amount to the members, director officers for the services rendered. It may also pay pensions and benefits conforming to the purposes of the firm as well as make distributions as permitted by the Act upon dissolution or liquidation (Bruce, 2009). However, no such payment, distribution or benefits may be deemed to be dividends or income. As a result of this prohibition, most of the corporations in the state of Virginia that intent to conduct business for profit making are organized in form of stock corporations. The Internal Revenue Code section 501 expressly prohibits inurnment of earnings of an entity to the benefit of any private individual or shareholder. The code also imposes excise tax on excess benefit transaction between a disqualified person and any organization as described under section 501 (Bruce, 2009). IRS has provided that an organization shall operate primarily for exempt purposes. Under the IRS code, private inurnment applies to benefits to those who control or influence the activities of the organization such as directors, management, officers, the physicians and medical staff. Private inurnment is based on the requirement that the organization serve a public purpose and not a private one. It prohibits a nonprofit from extending a substantial part of the activities or resources on non- exempt purposes (Bruce, 2009). This does not mean that the firm cannot have receipts that exceed the expenditures. Rather, the organization should use the revenues to further the exempt purposes but not to further the interests of insiders. The crux of the prohibitions of private inurnment and the use of excess benefit lies in enriching the lives of others at the expense of furthering the exempt purposes of an organization (Bruce, 2009). It provides that activities that

Plate Tectonics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plate Tectonics - Essay Example This paper explores both Wegener's theory and Plate Tectonic Theory, explaining how the Earth's land masses move and the construction and destruction of the Earth's crust and the features of plate tectonics as understood today. Plate Tectonics In 1911, Alfred Wegener (1880-1930), a German geophysicist, was intrigued to explain similarities in fossils of plants and animals found on either side of the Atlantic . Scientific thinking of the time was that continents were joined by land bridges that were now submerged by the ocean. However, Wegener also noticed the similar shapes of the coastlines of the continents and similar geology that supported his theory of continental drift. He postulated that these land masses may have been joined together at one time and that the original land mass, called ‘Pangaea’ (after the Greek for ‘all of the Earth’) has broken up and drifted apart . Wegener found evidence to support his theory of continental drift. He noticed that land masses fitted together with adjacent land masses. He also found signs of glaciation on the plains of Africa and coal deposits, usually associated with tropical areas, found near the North Pole. He also found fossils of exactly the same prehistoric species located in the same areas if the land masses were joined together, see Figure 1. . Figure 1: Locations of spread of fossils across continents before they broke up . Wegener did not fully explain what caused continental drift. He suggested two hypotheses, one that continents moved due to the forces associated with the rotation of the Earth and a second, which suggested continents moved due to tidal attraction of the Sun and Moon . However, both of these forces were too weak. These hypotheses were ridiculed by other scientists because no answer could be provided to explain how continental masses move . The original theory of continental drift was discredited, helped along by the growing anti-German feeling in the 1910s and 1920s and Wegener’s lack of scientific knowledge of geology . Wegener’s principle of continental drift was discredited but it did pave the way for scientists to explore why parts of the Earth’s surface have moved over time . Paleomagnetic studies, which measured the Earth's past magnetic field, found that the magnetic North Pole seemed to wander around the Earth over time . Evidence from seismometers, originally installed to monitor nuclear testing by the 1960s, found that geological phenomenon, such as volcanoes and earthquakes, were mostly found along the edges of tectonic plates . In addition, scientists found that rock crystals in certain rocks varied from normal to reversed polarity depending on when the rock was formed and solidified . These patterns mirrored themselves either side of the mid-oceanic ridge in the middle of ocean basins and rock samples were older the farther from the mid-oceanic ridge . All this evidence answered the problem Wegener was unable to; that solid continental and oceanic plates of the Earth’s crust, or lithosphere, ‘float’ on molten viscous rock called the asthenosphere, which forms the basis of Plate Tectonics Theory . Based on the Plate Tectonics Theory, plates adjacent to one another must move. Plates can move apart (forming a divergence plate boundary), together (forming a convergent plate boundary) or slide or grate against each other (creating a transform fault boundary) . A diverging plate

Research Methods for Professional Practice Essay

Research Methods for Professional Practice - Essay Example Throught this paper, there will be clear and evident focus on research based practice. The paper will analyse the data analysis element of research methods in relation to the two articles. I chose data analysis because it provides a vital base to the decision making process. Data analysis is the crucial element in a research process since mere data collection is not important to a researcher. Research is mainly aimed at helping people make informed decisions in different fields. The current blooming interest in evidence informed health and education promotion is part of an on-going strategy to base professional practice and policy on sound research evidence (Ritchie, 2002). Many evidence based research types can inform practice or policies. For example, narrative, conceptual, and statistical data methods can inform practice. Often, studies take the form of evaluations which determine the effectiveness of policies or studies which collect the views of people about an intervention, acceptability of a policy or their needs and requirements. Moreover, conducted and designed research provides vital and significant information covering a wide array of issues which are vital to people in practice. In today’s era, knowledge about the research process is mandatory in the healthcare industry. Consequently, midwives and nurses need to comprehend the research findings. Moreover, they should grasp the implications of research methods in transforming the health care industry. Non statistical methods were employed in analysing the collected data. Descriptive statistics were categorized and analysed based on various categories. Comparison techniques were used in the descriptive analysis process. The information got from the nurses and midwives was related to the study hypothesis and research question. According to Buetow (2010) one of the most reliable and accurate way of determining

The Development of Fashion Design in Twenty Century Research Paper

The Development of Fashion Design in Twenty Century - Research Paper Example The paper "The Development of Fashion Design in Twenty Century" explores the 20th-century fashion design development. The development of fashion design involves the development of the industry of fashion that is responsible in designing accessories and clothing. This industry was depended on fashion houses and firms that are governed by specific designers. This industry started in the 19th century by one designer who had his label sewn in the created garments (Whitten 15). Starting from trees, and leaves to what people experience now in fashion world, the history of fashion design was influenced by many factors changing over to the twenty century. In attempts to unravel the historical trends in fashion and design, this paper explores the development of Fashion Design in the Twenty Century. The design started by the dress maker to the Queen of France who could be described to have started the fashion transition from some few dress makers to fine designers with a highly valued profile. This was referred to as the fashion minister as a sarcasm since she established one shop around Paris with a collection that was greatly influenced by the Parisian style. This trend continued up to when the trend was altered by the revolution of the French that made the renowned designer to flee to exile in London. In whatever appears like the modern sense, Charles Frederick from Paris has been reported as the first designer, who had a huge business that employed different anonymous seamstresses, and tailors.

Advance Financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advance Financial report - Essay Example The credit crunch in 2008 and 2009 saw the fall of big financial institutions including Lehman brothers, AIG, Bear Stearns, and the others. The US government and other governments in Europe tried to provide bail-out funds to save companies because of the economic consequences of the problem but the crisis was unstoppable (Ryan, 2008). In an effort to prevent the occurrence of similar problem in the future, the issue on the influence or effect of the use fair value accounting in the preparation of financial statements becomes a subject of investigation and debate. Fair value is close related to market price as SFAS 157 defined as â€Å"the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date†. (FASB, 2006). First, compared with other measurements, FVA permits or requires companies to report in the financial statements more accurate, timely and comparable information on amounts, regardless of the condition in the economy (Ryan, 2009). This means that fair value is more relevant than historical cost when it comes to understanding the assets and liabilities of business organizations. It is believed that fair value does reflect the underlying fundamentals most specifically the risk of the asset. In other words the quality of information is enhanced in giving relevancy more importance than reliability for decision makers (Scott, 2010, citing Plantin, Sapra & Song Shin, 2008). The use of fair value in the financial statements would come closer to valuation conducted by investors or finance people for decision making purposes (Brigham and Houston, 2002). Second, the reported amounts under FVA would more updated on a regular and on-going basis (Ryan, 2009) allowing decision makers to know that the company would still an on-going concern. On the premise that accounting information are meant to inform the decision makers, then the purpose of

Family Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Family Interview - Essay Example nter with a close relative like an aunt in this case gives an insight into the effect of the colonial socio-political and economic structure that has remained to define Haiti society to date. Critical assessment of the Haiti history shows significant cultural homogeneity with emphasis on religious practices that is dominated by Christianity. Of sensitive interest is the voodoo religion which can be traced back to the central African natives blended with American natives during the slavery period. It is therefore in the interest of the scholars and general public to understand the series of social reconstruction that Haiti has gone through in order to attain its current identity. Even the name was changed and some events are undertaken to date in commemoration of the French departure in the era of Marcus guvey.A family interview forms an important primary source of data in as far as the history and contemporary culture of Haiti is concerned. Besides, the information obtained reflect s ignificant overall socio-economic and political trend across Latin America. My Aunt who was the respondent in this interview used the concept of health as being based on the equilibrium and balance between hot (cho) and cold (fret). She holds the strong belief that sadness, excessive anger and fear are key health contributors. She believes that the spiritual well being i.e. being prayerful is an indication of spiritual good while illness is a result of a wrong doing and disrespect to the deity. Growing up in the Port au Prince Haiti, my Aunt had three sisters and four brothers. Her parents were raised in Haiti though moved to the US in their late twenties. She went to the United States when she was twenty eight and grew up together with her siblings, which strengthened the family bond between them. They are so close that a day barely passes without the siblings meeting. My Aunts mother was born in Ouanaminthe which is a small town in the Northern part of Haiti, with an approximated

Business Model and Strategic Plan Essay Example for Free

Business Model and Strategic Plan Essay Advance Idea Mechanics is the new military weapon division of The Renco Group Inc. It is a promising addition that is designed to take its parent company to brand new heights in prestige and financial stability. In previous drafts, we outlined what Advance Idea Mechanics could do for its shareholders, now it is time to analyze how it compares to the vision and the strategic goals of The Renco Group Inc. Balanced Scorecard and Communication Plan The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used significantly in business and industry, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to line up business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and observe organization performance against strategic goals. It is â€Å"A set of four measures directly linked to a company’s growth† (Pearce Robinson, 2009, p. 202). Here is a picture of how Advance Idea Mechanics matches up with The Renco Group Inc. vision and strategy. Financial Perspective – Shareholder’s Value The Balanced Scorecard or â€Å"dashboard† is a tool that gives managers and executives a â€Å"balanced† view of what the company is doing on the business side and how they are performing within the scope to the vision and strategy of the organization. The main responsibility of the company is to increase net revenue and achieve financial constancy while providing the best product and service at a reasonable price, on condition that customer satisfaction is met. To appraise the financial constancy of an organization, it is essential to compute the operating cost, growth income and return on interest and capital, and earnings per share. By utilizing efficient  processes we will be able to reduce expenses by lowering costs, improving on-stream time, and growing revenues. Advance Idea Mechanics new â€Å"state of the art† platform and processes will surely please The Remco Group Inc. as well as their shareholders of their financial viability. Customer Value Perspective If a business customer is satisfied, then a business knows that it is successful. Delivering uniformity in the price and superiority in your product helps to give the company an edge, over the competition, in the market, separating the company’s product by brand name or a particular image. This is how each company attracts the consumers, and builds hopefully, a long-term business relationship with the customer. Advance Idea Mechanics is doing that with the government by giving them the most advance products on the military stage. They not only sell a unique product, but they also provide a service, that no matter what their device encounters, Advance Idea Mechanics will provide a solution. Since our products will be in war torn areas it is important to know that safety of the people who use our product will be one of our main objectives. Advance Idea Mechanics wants to make sure that our clients leave their vehicles the same way they got in their vehicles. Advance Idea Mechanics will do on-going surveys to see what we can do to improve on the safety, care, comfort, and reliability of all the products we make. There will be a team operating twenty four hours a day to address any concerns that our clients might have. At Advance Idea Mechanics customer satisfaction is number one. Internal Business Process When it comes to customer satisfaction strategic planning is a must. It is used to raise customers and to present new products and to improving business capabilities. It is critical that we describe what our strategy is and use this to increase market share. By understanding our position, the company will be able to have the power it needs to evaluate its performance and line up with the vision and mission statement of the corporation. There will be internal audits of the goals and performance of the company, conducted daily, to monitor the balance scorecard to make any adjustments needed to have a flawless process, always keeping the concern of  the client at important. The Renco Group Inc. and its subsidiary, Advance Idea Mechanics, understand that the United States is a larger and powerful client and the earning potentials from this alliance can be huge. This is why it is important that we look at every metric to ensure that we are doing everything we can to satisfy the governme nt and stay loyal to our mission and vision. Learning and Growth Perspective The final piece of the Balance Scorecard is the learning and growth process. It is here that the vision aligns flawlessly with the company’s so that it can gain an aggressive upper hand and position in the marketplace. It focuses on the expansion and success of the business, and it focuses on the interior and exterior public, their thoughts and actions. The Renco Group Inc. and Advance Idea Mechanics use the Balance Scorecard as a tool to help the company to maintain its standing and also promote technological improvements. Advance Idea Mechanics will be a division that lives in the world of technological development and without it; it will be just another company. This is why one of the main changes that this perspective brings is an emphasis on employee training, to make ready for action employees, which will constantly improve their knowledge base and make them an effective part of our new vision. The second word in Advance Idea Mechanics is â€Å"idea† and we hope we can pull some of our inspiration from the people who work within the company. With a new division, fresh ideas, and a plan for internal employee training, The Remco Group Inc and Advance Idea Mechanics see no reason why we will not have great employee retention and a spirited workforce. Conclusion Advance Idea Mechanics is a new dream, but it is predicated on an idea that got its start from The Remco Group Inc. founding business. By using the Balance Scorecard and using the Communication Plan we know that we can implement strategic plan that will adhere to the principles outlined by the company’s vision and mission statements. It will take all four perspectives: Financial, Customer Perspective, Internal Business Process and Learning and Growth to move the company to the next level, but with monitoring and adjustments, shareholders will reap the benefits when the day is done. References Pearce II, J. A., Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic Management: Formulation, Implementation and Control (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. The Renco Group Inc.. (2014). Retrieved from http://rencogroup.net/index.php

Different styles of leadership Essay Example for Free

Different styles of leadership Essay Marianne and Betsy do have different styles of leadership. Betsy is the more authority compliance manager and as well a little middle of the road off management. Marianne is more of country club management and as well as middle of the road. From experience with those management style. I think Betsy should focus more on what her direct manager wants. If your relatively new to a company, it would be very bad to rock the boat. I don’t think she should continue to follow the same leadership style because quite frankly it’s not working. However she should totally abandon her authority leadership style. Honestly Marianne and Betsy are at a point where they desperate need to work together to get the main goal in the right perspective. Marianne should become move of an authority compliant manager by giving her friendship with Bridget and Suzanne just a little separation. Betsy also needs to learn how to be more of a middle of the road team player management. She can’t rely on being too bossy, especially when her own boss tells her she is bossy that’s a very bad sign. Betsy and Marianne can work together if they both come to an understanding. Betsy is more in a jam then Marianne. Betsy works under Marianne and Betsy is a fairly new employee. If Betsy resist Marianne and goes to senior management it could possible jeopardize her employment. Furthermore Marianne has the majority vote amongst the staff. Betsy might have to loosen up her rings and join more of the middle of the road management or either takes some tips into the country club management.

Government Policy and Ideologies of Welfare

Government Policy and Ideologies of Welfare With reference to changes in government policy and ideologies of welfare, debate the significance of the shift from victorian ‘pauper to 21st century ‘service user and its impact on social work practice and values. By charting changes in government policy and welfare ideologies, this essay will discuss the significance of the move from the Victorian ‘Pauper towards the 21st century ‘Service User and examine how this has influenced social work values and practice. But first, brief consideration must be given to offering a definition of these terms. The Oxford English Dictionary (2009: online) defines a pauper as somebody with no property or means of livelihood; who is dependent upon charity from others; and a beggar. Terminology has changed dramatically and the term ‘service user emerged in the 1990s as the generic name for people social workers work with (Pierson Thomas, 2006: 560). In contrast to ‘pauper, the Collins Internet-Linked Dictionary of Social Work by Pierson and Thomas (2006: 560) states: â€Å"its popularity has spread among practitioners, managers and social work educators alike as it seems to convey the more contemporary emphasis on those who receive the service having some rights and influence over that service† (Ibid.). All societies have methods of assisting those in financial difficulties (Payne, 2005: 13) and the 1601 English Poor Law was the first national welfare provision that lasted in one form or another for 350 years (Spicker, 2008: 78). However, in the 18th century, the Poor Law Report demonstrated the current allowance system was demoralising and promoted idleness (Fraser, 2009: 53). This, coupled with a proliferation of paupers and escalating relief costs, led to the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 which heralded the introduction of workhouses, designed to deter everyone but the destitute from applying for support (Thane, 1996: 31). It was hoped by replacing outdoor relief with the workhouse, the faults of the current system would be corrected (Fraser, 2009: 55). Ultimately, it provided a harsh alternative to self-help that the pauper would only accept when destitute; and fearing the workhouse, they would hopefully find employment (Ibid.: 55-56). This was in keeping with the general social p hilosophy of the time that supposed â€Å"men were masters of their own fate and that the individual had within his grasp the power to find his own salvation† (Ibid.: 56). Those requiring assistance were blamed for their position and expected to find solutions to their own self-imposed misery (Sullivan, 1996: xiv). Therefore, the Victorian Poor Law divided the needy into the deserving and undeserving poor; with the deserving worthy of philanthropic assistance whilst the undeserving was punished for their feckless behaviour (Ibid.). In essence, the Amendment Act successfully forced able-bodied men to take responsibility for themselves (Thane, 1996: 33). Throughout the 1880s charitable responses to suffering grew (Payne, 2005: 36) and the Charitable Organisation Society was established in 1869, aiming to persuade charities to organise resources so they were distributed to those best able to use them (Thane, 1996: 21). The COS was not an alternative to the Poor Law, but the flip side of the same coin (Payne, 2005: 36) and its principles encouraged people to become self-dependent and only helped those with potential to support themselves (Thane, 1996: 21). It provided charity for the ‘deserving and hence, left those without potential to become self-dependent to destitution or the Poor Law (Ibid.: 21-34). Furthermore, COS endeavoured to find lasting solutions to peoples problems, without removing them from their environment and pioneered the practice of case-work whereby investigations were conducted into clients backgrounds who were then helped if deemed worthy (Ibid.). Much had to be said for this case-work approach, which provi ded a real attempt to investigate the nature of the peoples problems (Ibid.) and essentially, through the development of this method, created social work (Payne, 2005: 38). Many people following COS principles in theory found it challenging to abandon those in desperate need in practice (Thane, 1996: 23). Hence, dissatisfaction generated new voluntary approaches, including the Settlement Movement, which initiated modern community work (Ibid.). Residential settlement Toynbee Hall was established in 1884 where graduates would live and work among the poor; a model replicated throughout the country by the end of the century (Ibid.). It aimed for them to utilise their moral example and education to foster social development (Payne, 2005: 37) and its warden Samuel Barnett believed class harmony and material improvement would only improve when the rich regarded the poor as equally worthy individuals (Thane, 1996: 21). Moving to the twentieth century, following the Second World War, fundamental welfare changes were introduced under the Labour government in accordance with a blueprint proposed in the 1942 Beveridge Report (Bochel, 2008: 192). Subsequently, the period from 1945 until the 1970s is considered: â€Å"One of political consensus on key issues, stemming from a combination of the economic philosophy of Keynes, and the social policy of Beveridge, enshrining the ideas of the mixed economy and the welfare state† (Ibid.). During this period it was assumed societies had progressed, rendering the state responsible for providing universal welfare provision for citizens (Payne, 2005: 50). Subsequently, the state established a range of social services in the new era of welfare capitalism and this social security was regarded as the instrument that would eradicate poverty (Sullivan, 1996: xiii-3). The welfare state was created to put welfare on a new footing (Briggs, 1961 cited in Spicker, 2008: 121) where everyone, not just the poor, had the right to access services (Spicker, 2008: 121). This contrasted starkly to when support was confined to the destitute and deliberately made unpleasant under the Poor Law (Checkland Checkland, 1974 cited in Spicker, 2008: 121) and this commitment to universalism provided an obvious change from the past (Sullivan, 1996: 54). Moreover, social work was becoming accepted as part of universal welfare provision alongside health, housing and social security (Payne, 2005: 50) a nd in the 25 years following the war, a gradual professionalizing shift occurred (Lymberry, 2001: 371). Subsequently, following the 1968 Seebohm Report and the 1970 Local Authority Social Services Act, the three existing personal social services were reorganised into unified local authority departments (Sullivan, 1996: 195-196). It was hoped this would â€Å"provide a more co-ordinated and comprehensive approach to the problems of individuals, families and communities† (Seebohm Report, 1968 quoted in Lymberry, 2001: 371). Fundamentally, this was a period of proliferation and consolidation for social work with the hope it would contribute towards creating a more equal society (Lymberry, 2001: 371). This movement to the welfare state from the Poor Law is referred to as the progression to ‘institutional welfare from ‘residual provision (Wilensky Lebeaux, 1965 cited in Spicker, 2008: 92). Residual welfare catered for a limited number of people, was provided under sufferance and regarded as a public burden (Spicker, 2008: 92). Furthermore, the Poor Law was punitive in nature, limited liabilities through deterrence and deprived paupers of their rights (Ibid.). Contrastingly, institutional welfare covered the general populations needs, regardless of their financial circumstances, and offered protection to everyone (Ibid.). It was built on accepting mutual responsibility, considered dependency to be normal, and was based on the premise of a right to welfare and citizenship, (Ibid.). Theoretically, this universalism provided the only way to guarantee high quality of services were available for all and removed the stigma associated with state services (Sullivan, 1996: 54). During the two decades after the war, governments believed in Keynesian demand management techniques and Beveridges social ideas (Ibid.: 90). However, from the late 1960s these economic policies failed and the UK faced a fiscal crisis of the state (Ibid.). Subsequently, when the Conservatives were elected in 1979, the ideology of the New Right dominated and heralded a change from the post-war welfare consensus (Lymberry, 2001: 372). This period was characterised by Neo-liberal thinking, which fundamentally questioned the state-delivered institutions forming the welfare state, and these beliefs have affected policy-making and the welfare system during recent decades (Ellison, 2008: 61-67). For example, Thatchers government was dedicated to rolling back the state and denying mutual commitments among citizens because allegedly society did not exist but comprised of competing individuals instead (Lowe, 1999: 307). They aspired for those dependent on the state to become independent becaus e: â€Å"If those in need were encouraged to look passively to the state for help, they would be denied the invigorating experience of self-help and of family or community care† (Ibid.). Therefore, the New Right were committed to re-moralising society, just as Poor Law reformers of the 1830s had before them, with a return to Victorian values (Ibid.). This generated a reduction in benefits and conditions stipulated for accessing these were toughened (Clarke et al., 2000: 3). Furthermore, an increasing stigma was attached to publicly provided welfare and it was, in some respects, criminalised by linking US notions of ‘welfare dependency and ‘demoralisation to UK ideas of ‘scrounging and ‘undeserving (Ibid.). Fundamentally, welfare had come full circle when: â€Å"Individualism as the motor of economic and social policy in the nineteenth and early twentieth centurys gave way to the collectivism of that classic welfare state only to re-emerge in the late twentieth century† (Sullivan, 1996: xv). New Right emphasis on the sanctity of marriage and family, the demonization of those who threatened these and their promotion of a social order based on ‘Victorian values impacted on social work (Lymberry, 2001: 372). It was forced to abandon its pretensions to providing a universalist service and focus on statutory duties, omitting the preventative remit laid out in the Seebohm Report (Ibid.). Furthermore, it underlined individuals looking after themselves and their families (Bochel, 2008: 194). Subsequently, social work changed after the Barclay Report of the 1980s, which introduced community social work strategies and encouraged local authority social services departments to develop alternative ways of meeting social need (Sullivan, 1996: 196). This approach envisaged moving from the traditional one-to-one focus towards facilitating self-help by communities, social networks, and individuals (Ibid.). Moreover, it heralded the movement of social workers from therapists to enab lers, supporting informal carers instead of providing the care themselves (Ibid.). When looking at New Labour and their ‘Third Way approach, a decisive shift has occurred in the role of the recipients of social work services. For example, Blair (2000 cited in Jordan, 2001: 529) intended to change the welfare state from delivering passive support towards active support, promoting citizens independence instead. Taking the middle ground between free-market principles of the Conservative years and old style socialism it meant services would demand more from citizens, requiring people to contribute to a responsible community (Jordan, 2001: 529-530). This tougher approach to welfare is evident in expecting many single parents, the disabled, and those receiving employment benefits to actively seek employment (Ellison, 2008: 67). Additionally, benefits are now less generous and more strictly means-tested than in the height of Keynesian welfare (Ibid.). Furthermore, the development of anti-oppressive practice signals a change in the attitudes towards the role of users of social work services. Anti-oppressive practice has emerged over the last decade, forms part of the critical social work tradition, and is concerned with transforming power relations at every level in practice (Healy, 2005: 172-178). Theorists believe the social work role is political with social workers holding a privileged status in comparison to service users (Ibid). Therefore, social workers must be critical and reflective in order to not replicate oppressive social relations in practice (Ibid.). Furthermore, it promotes working in partnership with service users with power genuinely shared at both an interpersonal and institutional level (Dalrymple and Burke, 1995: 65 cited in Healy, 2005: 187). Thus, service users opportunities for participation in decision-making should be maximised (Healy, 2005: 187). Social work has been affected by the unabated advancement of consumer capitalism and service users are expected to be more involved in arranging and managing services (Harris, 2009: 67). The New Right ideas emphasised that citizens had a right to freedom and choice (Ibid.: 68) and recent Conservative and Labour administrations have encouraged citizens to participate in welfare services; utilising market-like approaches to consultation and increased empowerment in decision-making (Bochel, 2008: 194). Efforts have been made to promote service user participation in planning and development with the view that their active role improves health and social care services (Carr, 2004: 2). Furthermore, the importance of individual choice in improving provider effectiveness, the notion of citizens rights and responsibilities and a belief that individuals involvement in decision-making results in solutions that better meet their needs have been underlined (Bochel, 2008: 194-195). This is evident in the Direct Payments scheme, endorsed on the basis of choice and independence, and demonstrates that the state increasingly expects citizens to be competent enterprising, managerial and autonomous individuals (Scourfield, 2007: 108). However, as Scourfield (Ibid.) asserts this raises concerns about dependent citizens and emphasises: â€Å"a danger of using independence and choice as central organizing principles is to forget how and why the public sector emerged in the first place—to ensure that those who are necessarily dependent are treated with respect and dignity, to ensure a collectivized approach to risk, and to ensure that secure and reliable forms of support outside of the market or the family are available†. Additionally, as Carr (2004: 2) found, the extent to which service user participation leads to improvements in services varies and there is little monitoring and evaluation of the difference user participation is making. Furthermore, despite citizenship, choice, community, social inclusion and autonomy being key to New Labours programme, (Blair, 1998 cited in Humphries, 2004: 95) Humphries (2004: 95) contends Labours pursuing of neo-liberal economic and morally repressive policies has degraded public services; punishing and excluding those â€Å"regarded as having been ‘given a chance but having ‘failed†. She proposes it is social workers who are expected to implement the surveillance systems that operate these policies and under New Labour a shift has occurred towards social work having an increasingly negative and narrow practice focussed on restriction, surveillance, control and exclusion (Ibid.: 93-95). Thus, social work is concerned with the moralistic side of Labours policies rather than with empowering people instead (Jordan, 2001 cited in Humphries, 2004: 94). Moreover, since 1993, increasingly punitive and repressive measures have been introduced to deter asylum seekers from coming to Britain and if they are granted access they enter an inhumane and inferior ‘welfare system (Humphries, 2004: 100). Acts such as the 1993 Asylum and Immigration Appeals Act and the 1996 Asylum and Immigration Act removed those subject to immigration controls from the welfare state (Ibid.: 101) and Cohen (2003 cited in Humphries, 2004: 101) describes the asylum support system as the creation of a modern day poor law based on coercion and lack of choice. This essay has documented the move from the use of the Victorian term ‘pauper to the 21st century term ‘service user by looking at shifts in government policy and welfare ideologies and its impact on social work. Looking back, one would hope we have progressed from the Victorian Poor Law that blamed the pauper for their need of assistance and deterred them from accessing support by rendering it as unpleasant as possible. However, when observing the stringent means-tested benefit system and New Labours tough approach welfare, ascertaining whether we have moved forward becomes questionable. Zarb (2006: 2), referring to how older couples can be separated due to housing and care allocation, questions whether citizens are still treated like the paupers in the Poor Law era who were regularly split up for not meeting the parishes criteria for support. Furthermore, to finish, Wynne-Jones (2007: online), writing on the Joseph Rowntree Foundation website, highlights that today the media still assigns different types of morality to types of poverty: â€Å"The undeserving poor are the Asbo kids and the hoodies, the drug-addicted and long-term unemployed. On the other hand, the ‘deserving poor look a lot like middle Englanders fallen on hard times†. Having spent time with a group of troubled young people on a Peckham estate, following the death of Damilola Taylor in 2000, she believes that it is through the stereotyped comedy characters such as Little Britains ‘Vicky Pollard that Middle England reveals how threatened it feels about the ‘undeserving poor; utilising comedy as a means of criticising our societies ‘underclass (Ibid.). She maintains that as Middle England laughs from the unease that people like this exist on our poorest estates, years on from Damilolas death, we are still failing those, like the group in Peckham, who are â€Å"damaged so badly by life that their only empowerment is to attack others† (Ibid.). Therefore, to conclude, whilst a change in terminology has occurred moving from ‘pauper to ‘service user, it is problematic determining how far attitudes towards those in need of assistance have genuinely changed for the better. Reference List Bochel, C. (2008) â€Å"State Welfare† in Alcock, P. et al., (2008) The Students Companion to Social Policy, 3rd Ed, Oxford: Blackwell. Carr, S. (2004) â€Å"SCIE Position paper 3 Summary: Has service user participation made a difference to social care services?† available at http://www.scie.org.uk/publications/positionpapers/pp03-summary.pdf accessed on 17th December 2009. Clarke, J. et al. (2000) â€Å"Reinventing the Welfare State† in Clarke, J. et al. (2000) New Managerialism: New Welfare? London: Sage. Ellison, N. (2008) â€Å"Neo-Liberalism† in Alcock, P. et al., (2008) The Students Companion to Social Policy,3rd Ed, Oxford: Blackwell. Fraser, D. (2009) The Evolution of the British Welfare State, 4th Ed, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Harris, J. (2009) â€Å"Customer-citizenship in modernised social work† in Modernising Social Work: Critical Considerations, Bristol: Policy Healy, K (2005) Social Work Theories in Context: Creating Frameworks for Practice, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Humphries, B. (2004) â€Å"An Unacceptable Role for Social Work: Implementing Immigration Policy† British Journal of Social Work 34: 93-107 available at http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/34/1/93 accessed on 17th December 2009. Jordan, B. (2001) â€Å"Tough Love: Social Work, Social Exclusion and the Third Way†, British Journal of Social Work 31: 527- 546. Lowe, R. (1999) The Welfare State in Britain Since 1945, 2nd Ed, Houndmills, Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan Lymberry, M. (2001) â€Å"Social Work at the Crossroads†, British Journal of Social Work 31: 369-384 available at http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/31/3/369 accessed on 22nd December 2009. Oxford English Dictionary (2009) available at www.oed.com accessed on 23rd November 2009. Payne, M. (2005) The Origins of Social Work: Continuity and Change, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Pierson, J. Thomas, M. (2006) Collins Internet-Linked Dictionary of Social Work, Glasgow: Harper Collins. Scourfield, P. (2007) â€Å"Social Care and the Modern Citizen: Client, Consumer, Service User, Manager and Entrepreneur† British Journal of Social Work 37: 107-122 available at http://bjsw.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.lib.le.ac.uk/cgi/reprint/37/1/107?maxtoshow=HITS=10hits=10RESULTFORMAT=1title=Social+Care+and+the+Modern+Citizen%3A+Client%2C+Consumerandorexacttitle=andandorexacttitleabs=andandorexactfulltext=andsearchid=1FIRSTINDEX=0sortspec=relevanceresourcetype=HWCIT accessed on 24th November 2009. Spicker, P. (2008) Social Policy: Themes and Approaches,2nd Ed, Bristol: Policy. Sullivan, M. (1996) The Development of the British Welfare State, London: Prentice Hall Thane, P. (1996) Foundations of the Welfare State, 2nd Ed, London ; New York : Longman. Wynne-Jones, R. (2007) â€Å"Deserving vs Undeserving† available at http://www.jrf.org.uk/reporting-poverty/journalists-experiences/deserving-undeserving accessed on 16th December 2009. Zarb, G. (2006) â€Å"From Paupers to Citizens: Independent Living and Human Rights† available at http://www.scie.org.uk/news/events/humanrights06/gerryzarb.pdf accessed on 17th December 2009.

Love as a Theme in Jane Eyre Essay -- essays research papers

Love is an important theme in the famous novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte. Jane's love for Rochester is clearly noticible throughout the novel. But Jane's true love for Rochster becomes appearent in only a few of her actions and emotions. Although it may seem Rochester manipulated her heart's desire, this can be disproven in her actions towards him. Jane followed her heart in the end, by returning to Rochester. Jane's true love for Roshester becomes appearant during her walks with him at Thornfield. Jane is affected by him so much that "[her] blanks of existance were filled up; [her] bodily health improved; [she] gathered flesh and strenght" (160). She felt like his "presence in a room was more cheering than the brightest fire" (166). When Blanche - a new woman in Rochester's life - came along, Jane began to grow jelous, which reveals how much she actually really loves Rochester. She begins to hate herself saying "he is not of your order: keep to your caste, and be too self-respecting to lavish the love of the whole heart, soul, and strength, where such a gift is not wanted and would be despised (184). With the presence of Blanche, Jane begins pointing out her insuficiencies and the things she hates about herself. This clearly expresses jelousy, and how much she is actually in love with Rochester. In the end, she clearly expressed her love for Rochester when...

Reggae got Blues :: essays papers

Reggae got Blues Introduction No food on my table, no shoes to go on my feet No food on my table and no shoes to go on my feet, My children cry for mercy, Lord they ain't got no place to call their own. The blues arose as both a social protest and a means for expression by the Afro-American slave. The institution of slavery had existed before the trans-Atlantic slave trade, but never before had a race suffered such discrimination; oppression and poverty as the West Africans have endured for the last four hundred years. " The African’s sole purpose in America was, for the most part, to provide the cheapest agricultural labor possible to procure"(Baraka, 3). Previous forms of slavery (Roman and Greek) utilized the intellectual capability of slaves, where as the institution of slavery in the Americas treated slaves like that of property, a master would relate to his slave as, ". if you twist the knob on your radio you expect it to play"(Baraka, 3). This, the non-human view of slaves that existed, viewed Africans as heathens and thought them to be primitive and inferior to the Euro-American. These so-called nonliterate peoples whose traditional histories were passed down generati on to generation through oral tradition, were seen as primitive to the highly industrialized Euro-Americans. The profound beliefs and concepts of one culture (African) become absurd and intangible for a complete opposite culture (Euro-American)(Baraka, 7). Not only were the West Africans aliens to the their physical surroundings but aliens to a new "philosophical system"(Baraka, 7). With this in mind the West Africans who survived the western passage across the Atlantic to the Mississippi Delta had found a similar Jamaican Babylon and, " Lord they ain’t got no place to call there own". The blues are an extension of the West African oral tradition through spirituals, worksongs, seculars, and field hollers. From the late eighteen hundreds to the mid twentieth century afro- American’s have been slaves to King Cotton in the form of bound slavery, tenant farming and sharecropping. The endless cycle of debt, has Blues music centered on movement from oppression, and poverty w hile the protest may not always take serious form. I will examine the music of the Delta blues looking for connections to the mento/early reggae era in religious, social and lastly lyrical context. RELIGION African religions usually have a tight fit with a particular culture, language and belief system.

Discrimination or Disparity in Policing

Discrimination refers to a difference in the kind of treatment given to individuals based on the race, ethnic background, social class, gender and so forth. Disparity on the other hand refers to a difference in outcomes of a situation which is not necessarily as a result of differential treatment or any kind of biased treatment. According to Wrobleski (2005), discrimination can be defined as a differential unequal treatment exhibited by a person when dealing with an individual from a certain race, sex, religion or ethnic origin.In policing, all citizens in a country are entitled to equal amount of protection under the state laws as a sign of democracy. Discrimination in policing occurs when police officers in a given state fail to practice fair treatment when dealing with their workmates and members of the public due to race, gender, ethnic origin, skin color or religion biases and it is a bit different from disparity. For instance, many traffic policemen are known to easily forgive women drivers who violate traffic rules but the same policemen become very strict when dealing with male drivers.On the other hand, women are known to be more careful drivers than their male counterparts and thus, not many women drivers violate traffic rules. The fact that there are many male traffic rules violators than women might lead to some difference in the number of traffic tickets given to women as opposed to those given to men. This kind of difference will be referred to as disparity and not discrimination. The police force has in the recent past being highly associated with cases of discrimination and favoritism.This paper seeks top identify the types of discrimination and disparity in policing mainly based on gender, race and class. Racial discrimination and disparity. The issue of racial and ethnic discrimination and disparity in policing has been widely researched and most studies indicate that there is a common pattern of systematic discrimination and disparity related to factors such as involvement in criminal activities, drug abuse and so forth. Systematic discrimination in policing can be defined as the type of differential treatment which is always present in a state's justice system regardless of the time or place.Most of racial discrimination in the justice systems exists in form of racial profiling (Wrobleski, 2005). Racial profiling refers to a situation whereby members of a certain race or ethnic origin are subjected to extensive surveillance, police force and criminal justice than others. For instance, law enforcement officers in the U. S have been accused of using the authority given to them in a discretionary way when dealing with minority motorists. The word minority here refers to the blacks, Hispanics or native Americans (Walker, Cassia & Miriam, 2000).This is a case of racial profiling and such cases have brought so much controversy in the American policing with many people claiming that the high rates of minority involvement in t raffic stops as opposed to the number of whites involved reflects how biased the traffic police officers are in terms of race. A study carried out by the U. S Rand Corporation in 2006 showed that the minority populations are more likely to be stopped by traffic officers, searched and accused of drug trafficking unlike their white counterparts.The study also discovered some pattern of racial disparities with many drug traffickers located in some parts of the state inhabited by the blacks and the Hispanics unlike those areas inhabited by the whites (Lanier & Stuart, 2008). However, the law enforcers are quick to defend themselves on this accusations claiming that they operate under pressure to track and bring to book those involved in drug use and trafficking activities. The term racial profiling has been replaced with racial biased policing to show how policing in U.S is biased towards the minority population. Apart from traffic police officers, the law enforcing unit in U. S has bee n generally accused of possessing a high tendency of using excessive force when dealing with the minority groups than when dealing with the whites. According to Fukurai (2002), racial discrimination and disparity in the U. S has also been identified in the federal justice systems. Racial disparities in the criminal justice systems has been attributed to the high number of minority populations involved in criminal activities.Racial discrimination is responsible for the disparity seen in police arrests, jury selection and prosecution procedures in the current criminal justice systems in the U. S. Gender discrimination and disparity. Discrimination in policing on the bases of gender is very common in U. S just like in most parts of the world. The major issue of gender discrimination and disparity in the U. S policing is associated with lack of gender integration whereby for a long time now, women have been highly ignored and denied the chance to work as police officers.However, a call for gender equality and affirmative action has increasingly advocated for women in the police force and through continued struggle and determination, more and more women are now working in the police force. The major challenge now is that, women police officers are discriminated against and have not been fully accepted by their male counterparts. Such women are subjected to cold reception, hostility and sexual harassment by their male workmates, supervisors and the police department as a whole (Wilbanks, 2007).Other challenges which affect women in policing include too many family responsibilities, conflict in societal roles, sexual harassment, doubts by the public concerning their ability to compete with their male counterparts, doubts about their self worth, inadequate facilities in the police force such as uniforms, locker rooms and so forth. This type of discrimination is worse when the woman in question belongs to the minority population. Researches have indicated that women fr om the minority populations are exposed to higher discrimination than the white women (Fukurai, 2002).However, it has been found that regardless of the race, all women in policing face a substantial amount of discrimination. Gender disparity in U. S is evident from the statistics depicted by a report by the State Security Department in 2007 which showed that women constitute only four percent of the police force as compared to their male counterparts (Miller, 2007). This can be attributed to discrimination in enrolling women to the police force and the conditions they are subjected to at the work place.Apart from discrimination of women police officers at the work place, another form of gender discrimination in policing is evident whereby, male police officers have been found to act with some level of leniency when dealing with women offenders unlike when dealing with male offenders. This is mostly common especially when the woman in question is young and attractive. Moreover, cases of police officers and law enforcers who ask for sexual favors from women so as to overlook their cases or rule in their favor are also quite common. Class discrimination and disparity.In the U. S, wealth distribution varies widely within the three major social classes. This includes upper class, middle class and low class societies. Most people in U. S fall under the middle class category. Discrimination in policing is brought about by the fact that law enforcers are more biased against low class populations as opposed to those in the middle and upper-class societies (Wrobleski, 2005). When it comes to justice and fairness, the poor people are often denied their rights by the rich and when they go to court, the accuser becomes the accused.This is because the rich have money to bribe in order to have justice passed in their favor. Disparity in terms of social class is common in policing due ti the fact that most poor people have a higher likelihood of engaging in crime and criminal activities when seeking means of survival. This is the main reason why crime is found to be more prevalent among low class societies as opposed to the upper and middle class societies. Conclusion. It is clear that discrimination or disparity is very common in U. S policing based on race, class and gender.Most of the reports and researches reviewed indicate that racial based discrimination is the most common type of discrimination in policing with most police officers practicing what is known as racial profiling. This affects the minority populations of all background regardless of their gender or class. Contemporary researches have also shown that the three types of discrimination interact closely with each other. For instance, most of the minority populations in U. S live in perpetual poverty due to lack of employment and unequal income distribution.This exposes them to higher discrimination due to their race as well as the social class. In addition, it has been found that most bl ack women who work in the police force are subjected to more gender discrimination than the white women. To some extent, discrimination in the police force leads to disparity especially in the case of gender discrimination among women in policing. It can thus be concluded that, discrimination has greatly affected the administration of justice in the criminal justice system and this calls for affirmative action to administer reforms in the system and ensure equal and fair justice for all. Reference. Fukurai, H. (2002). Where Did Hispanic Jurors Go? Racial and Ethnic Disenfranchisement in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grand Jury and the Search for Justice. Western Criminology Review 2(2). [Online].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved on Sept 20, 2008 from, . Miller, T. (2007). Gender Discrimination in U. S Policing. New York: Free Press. Lanier, M. and Stuart, H. (2008). Defining Crime. Essential Criminology.   Boulder, CO:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Westview Press. Walker, S., Cassia. S. & Miriam, D. (2000). The Color of Justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishing Company. Wilbanks, W. (2007). The Myth of the Racist Criminal Justice System. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Wrobleski, M. & Karen, M. (2005). Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.

Importance of Beneficence of Ethical Issue on Nursing Practice

According to Hall, (1992; cited in Silva and Ludwick, 1992), â€Å"the ethics incorporated into good nursing practice are more important than knowledge of the law; practicing ethically saves the effort of trying to know all the laws. † Clinical ethics literature pertaining to nursing profession identifies four important values and principles, namely, respect to autonomy of the patient and to act with nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice (Nettina, 2006).Of these, beneficence is the fundamental principle that affirms the inherent professional aspiration of not only the nursing personnel, but also other health professionals to help promote other's well-being. Infact, it is the main motivating factor for many nurses to opt for this profession as career. This essay will discuss the concept of beneficence relevant to nursing practice. Beneficence and ethics related to nursing profession The principle of beneficence comes across in everyday nursing practice.The term beneficence ac tually connotes acts of merciness, charity and kindness which are suggestive of love, humanity, altruism and promotion of good to others (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). This broad notion is a principle or rule when it comes to medical profession. Nurses have a moral obligation to act in ways which benefit others. There are many theories which have been put forward about beneficence. These include the moral-sentiment theory of David Hume, the Utilitarian theory and Kant's theory. According to Hume's theory, in any moral life, motives of beneficence are very important.Hume's arguments were much against the Mandeville's theory which proposed that most of the human actions are based on private interest and human beings are neither benevolent nor sociable. Hume argues that beneficence is an â€Å"original† feature of human nature and it designates a class of virtues which are rooted in generosity, goodwill and love directed at others. According to the utilitarian theo ry by John Stuart Mill, â€Å"actions are right in proportion to their promotion of happiness, and wrong as they produce the reverse.† Thus, as per this theory, concepts of duty, right and obligation are actually determined by balance between maximum benefits and minimum harm. However, Kant argued that every individual has a duty to be beneficent, in the sense, that every one has to be helpful to others as per one's means without any hope for personal gain (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). Whenever there is a conflict between what is good between patients and nurses, between organizations and patients, between states involved in interstate practice and also between patients, the principle of beneficence rises certain ethical issues.Any differences in the ethical issues can initiate ethical implications which can terminate in approved cervices, financial reimbursement, change in laws on reporting certain diseases and abuse and also development of protocols from whom nurses can accept orders (Silva and Ludwick, 1999). Beneficence has a major role as far as conceptualizing the goals of medicine as a social practice is concerned. The goal of medicine becomes a beneficent undertaking only if the end of medicine is healing. Nurses are often confused as to what act of theirs is good for the patient and what is bad.What they believe is good for the patient may not be what is actually good for the patient and it is very difficult to act in a way which is against anyone's belief. Another famous debate about constitutes of what is good for the patient without infringing on the autonomy of the patient or causing serious harm to the patient (Silva and Ludwick, 1999). The question that pops up in the debate is whether it is ethical to overrule the preferences of the patient. Beneficence issues also rise when a patient is not in a position to make any decisions as far as his or her treatment is concerned.Beauchamp and Childress (1994; cited in Silva and Lud wick, 1999) used paternalism to discuss this aspect of argument. According to them, paternalism can be weak or strong. While weak paternalism means â€Å"that the health care provider is protecting the patient when the patient is unable to make decisions due to problems such as depression or the influence of medications†, strong paternalism refers to â€Å"interactions intended to benefit a person despite the fact that the person's risky choices and actions are informed, voluntary, and autonomous† (Beauchamp and Childress, 1994; cited in Silva and Ludwick, 1999).As Thompson (1987, pg. 1465) rightly put it: â€Å"The duty to care is not only about recognizing a reciprocal responsibility for one another but also in particular about recognizing a duty to protect the vulnerable- that is, accepting the role of advocate of the rights of those who are unable to defend their own rights. † Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that beneficence is a fundamental principle in nursing ethics with definite meaning and implications when applied to the analysis of the relationship between the nurse and patient.Though beneficence is a natural human feature, it becomes a moral obligation in certain professions like nursing and thus is a source for ethical issues and implications. References Nettina, S. M. (2006). Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice. 8th edition. Singapore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Silva, M. C. , and Ludwick, R. (1999). Ethics: Interstate Nursing Practice and Regulation: Ethical Issues for the 21st Century. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 4(2). Retrieved on  July  18th,  2009 from www. nursingworld  .org//MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/   Volume41999/No2Sep1999/InterstateNursingPracticeandRegulation. aspx Thompson, I. E. (1987). Fundamental ethical principles in health care. British Medical Journal, 295(6611), 1461- 1465. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2008). The Principle of Beneficence in Applied Ethics. Retrieved on July 18th, 2009 from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/principle-beneficence/

The Caliper and Micrometer

The Vernier Caliper and Micrometer Experiment # 1Abstract:The activity involved the use of both vernier and micrometer calipers accurately on measuring provided materials. The objectives of the act were to familiarize the students with the use of the said scales and to demonstrate their differences. The dimensions of a metallic cube made of steel and a metallic washer were measured using a vernier caliper while that of a marble made of glass and the same metal cube were measured using the micrometer caliper. The density and percentage error of each material were then computed using the values obtained. Guide Questions:1.) Differentiate the vernier and micrometer scales?The Vernier caliper is an extremely precise measuring instrument; its accuracy is 0.05mm. It can show measurements up to two decimal places in millimeters. It has main scale, which shows whole numbers and the vernier scale which gives decimal values. The vernier is capable of measuring the outer and inner dimensions in cluding the depth. A micrometer caliper uses a calibrated screw for measurement, rather than a slide which the vernier caliper uses. . It can show measurements up to three decimal places in millimeters. It also has a main scale like the vernier caliper with the same purpose with the micrometer scale showing decimal values. Its accuracy is equal to 0.01 mm making it more accurate than the vernier caliper. The micrometer can only measure the outer dimensions of an object.2.) Draw the figure for micrometer readings below:i. 3.685 mmii. 1.5963.) State some of the errors the one might make in measuring length using both vernier and micrometer calipers.The errors that one may make in measuring length using both the vernier and micrometer calipers are the incorrect reading of measurements. There can also be human misinterpretation, meaning that the person may have set the instrument too tight which may deform the object or too lose which leaves extra space for error. The device can also be broken promoting errors.4.) Determine the percentage error for an observed value of 1.112Ãâ€"10-5 if the standard value is 1.117Ãâ€"10-5?%error = actual value-observed value x100 actual value%error= 1.117Ãâ€"10-5-1.112Ãâ€"10-5 x100 1.117Ãâ€"10-5 %error= 5.000Ãâ€"10-8 x100 1.117Ãâ€"10-5 %error= 4.476Ãâ€"10-3 x 100 %error= .4476%

Accountability and Responsibility

These two words are often used interchangeably, however, they are NOT interchangeable. Let me explain: Responsibility can be, and often is, shared. Many people are responsible to you in your NWM business – Your sponsor, the rest of your upline, the people in your organization as it begins to develop, and, of course, your company, just to name a few. Your sponsor was responsible for bringing you into the business, but it doesn't stop there. In fact, the dictionary definition of sponsor is â€Å"One who assumes responsibility for some other person or thing†. Your sponsor is also responsible for helping to make sure you are properly trained, and that you receive all the necessary coaching, mentoring, and support as you begin your growing Usana business. Similarly, the rest of your upline is responsible to you and your sponsor in much the same way. And you, in turn, are responsible to everyone you sponsor into your business. Every person in your organization (which some people refer to as your ‘downline') is responsible for conducting themselves professionally in introducing the products and business to others. Our company is responsible to all of us to provide quality products, effective business-building tools, and a robust marketing plan to help each of us reach whatever goals we desire. Accountability, on the other hand, CANNOT be shared. We often hear the term â€Å"shared responsibility†, but there is no such thing as â€Å"shared accountability†. Some would call that term an oxymoron. One could define accountability as the â€Å"ultimate responsibility†. Perhaps it would help to think of one of the quotes that former President Harry S. Truman was famous for, and that is, â€Å"The Buck Stops Here†. That is probably the clearest and most well-known statements of accountability ever made, and it leaves no doubt in one's mind as to where the ultimate responsibility lies. Which brings me to the main point of my comments, which is that, while many people are responsible for your individual success in your NWM business, only one person is accountable for your success, and that person is YOU! That's right, the â€Å"Buck† stops with you. Everyone of us deals with numerous obstacles in our business: skeptical prospects, competitive companies, non-committed people in our organizations, and simply just not having enough hours in the day to be able to do everything we want to. Maybe you have a sponsor who doesn't return your phone calls. Maybe you live in a small town like Powell, Wyoming where there's hardly anyone to talk to about NWM. Maybe your family members think you're involved in some type of â€Å"pyramid scheme†. Maybe you have friends who were in network marketing, but gave up and claim that network marketing doesn't work. Maybe you don't have that brand new personal computer that you know will do everything for you. Or, maybe you've had some products or promotional material back ordered by Usana. I could go on for a long time listing dozens of more obstacles, and, like many of you, I've heard of, or experienced, almost all of them at one time or another. BUT, if you, even for a moment, blame even ONE of these, or other, obstacles for your lack of success, then you've given up your accountability. In fact, were Harry S. Truman here today, he'd say that you're â€Å"passing the buck†. Accountability & Responsibility Losing military property is a crime and it is unacceptable behavior that will not be tolerated. Your misconduct and neglect could have resulted in needless expense and has jeopardized the effectiveness of our organization to successfully accomplish the missions at hand. You will receive corrective training for your misconduct but any future violation will result in UCMJ action. Article 108 is a punitive article and can result in a Bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 1 year for loss of property through neglect. As a leader, you are responsible for what your subordinates do and fail to do. Responsibility and accountability are two of the main factors in being a successful soldier in today's Army. Responsibility is the obligation for the proper custody, care, and safekeeping of property or funds entrusted to your possession or supervision. Responsibility increases when you have personal control over your mission performance and when you have a single, clear set of rules that apply to a specific event. Your sense of responsibility becomes more effective and efficient when you perform out of desire to do well instead of just following orders. On the other hand, when guidelines are unclear when more than one set of rules seems to apply to an event, responsibility is decreased. This type of conduct continues, actions may be initiated under the Uniform Code of Military Justice to separate you from the Army prior to your scheduled ETS Date IAW AR 635-200. If you are involuntarily separated, you could receive an Honorable Discharge, a General (Under Honorable Conditions) Discharge, or a Under Other Than Honorable Conditions Discharge. If you receive a discharge Under Other Than Honorable Conditions, you will be ineligible for reenlistment and for most benefits, including payments of accrued leave, transitional benefits, the Montgomery GI Bill, VA benefits, and you may also face difficulty in†¦

A Study On Change Management Commerce Essay

A Study On Change Management Commerce Essay Accepting change is considered the biggest paranoia in todays world. Organizations – both business and non-business confront a challenging world. Some of the challenges that are faced by managers today include competition from other firms, globalization, and technological changes besides others. Let us consider a small example that can set the stage for discussing the effects of change. Daily life in a modern society is like a routine, where we wake up in the mornings, have breakfast, go for work, have lunch, come back from work, eat dinner and then sleep again. It has become a scheduled life, or so to say, we conform to structure in our lives. This structure provides us the necessary security. But, if we were to live in a world full of anxiety and unexpected mechanisms, it may leave us feeling uneasy and apprehensive. If this is the condition of individuals, a large-scale change in an organization can surely transform its people into anxiety, exasperation, frustration, depre ssion or even fatal incidents. To curb this, organizations practice what is to be referred to as Change Management. Change Management is a process whereby, the individual, team or the organization develops a planned approach towards any sort of an alteration. The objective is to capitalize the benefits for the people and lessen the risk of failure of implementation. Change management entails thoughtful planning and sensitive implementation, and most importantly, consultation with the people who are going to be involved in the process. This task studies how organizations have evolved to accept change. But let us first look at the drivers that affect organizational change: Ø Inadequate Financial Performance – the 2008 economic slowdown can be well quoted as an example for this. Companies failing to reach their financial benchmarks, have to undergo change. Competitive organizations can cannibalize their market share, provided they enter with cheaper labor or superior technolo gy. Failure to maintain the market share can force companies to rethink their opportunity cost and also the deployment of resources. Ø Changes in Strategic objectives – many companies shift their focus from being product-driven to being customer-driven or even process-driven. To enable this, restructuring and re-orientation of processes, people are required of in the organization. Ø New Technology – companies that neglect the new trends in the market are set to suffer a setback, and, therefore, should adapt to the changes in technology. Ø Mergers and Acquisitions – when companies merge and consolidate their operations, people and the culture, re-engineering takes place. The streamlining of the operations, infrastructure and the structure of the two organizations into one centralized theme is a huge part of the change management process. These, could be defined as the drivers of change that evolve businesses and markets. Organizations, today, have learn t to adapt to change. In this era of globalization, fast-moving lives and business-centered organizations, people and the processes have accepted the transformation. For instance, a lot of investment banks had to undergo transformation during the economic slowdown. Citigroup Inc. restructured its banks and other affiliates during the recessionary period, to acclimatize with the new environment. And it did happen. The management has to ensure that a smooth shift occurs, and for this it adopts a number of organizational theories as a basis for effective change management. Some of them are listed in the next few paragraphs.

Should Abortions Be Legal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Should Abortions Be Legal - Research Paper Example According to the American Heritage Dictionary (2011), abortion is defined as the induced termination of a pregnancy, achieved via the destruction of embryo or fetus. Abortion, therefore, refers to ceasing the process of childbirth before the child is born. Opting for an abortion is not an easy decision, but there are many unfortunate circumstances where women find themselves with no other choice. Several reasons for opting for an abortion may include rape pregnancies, accidental pregnancies, divorce, illness of the mother or the mother being underage etc. Abortion has for long been viewed unfavorably by most societies. In America, abortion was legalized only in five states in 1970 and in all states in 1973 (Levitt & Donohue, 2001). Women who do opt for abortion to avoid giving birth to unwanted babies face many difficulties in areas where abortion has not been legalized. If a woman is too young or unhealthy to bear a child, or if the baby is unwanted, she should have the right to terminate her pregnancy before bringing the child to life. This will not only save an unwanted or abandoned baby from being born but will also give the woman a chance to live a healthy life and make a career after attaining whatever education she may seek chances of which would be rare if she gave birth to a baby while being in her teens. Unprepared couples or those not wanting another baby do not prove to be good parents and it is not fair for any child to be born in a home where he or she is not welcome and where his or her parents cannot support the baby. In worse cases where abortion is not an opportunity and the baby is not given for adoption either, the baby is either abandoned, or is brought up very poorly by the parents or parent.     

Respiratory for Paramedic Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Respiratory for Paramedic - Case Study Example When irritants are inhaled, they result into swellings of the cells within the respiratory tract (Barnes, 2002 p.52). These cells are then activated to initiate an inflammatory process thus triggers the release of other mediators for inflammatory process like the interleukins, tumour necrosis factor alpha, matrix-metalloproteinase, fibrinogen, interferon gamma and C-reactive protein (Steurer-Stey et al, 2012 p.367). These mediators are responsible for the sustained inflammation process which results to the severe damage to the tissues as well as many other systematic systems. The inflammation sustained inflammation of the tissues of the respiratory system results into changes in the structure of the lungs which further lead to the limitation of the airflow. The inflammatory response associated with COPD is as a result into the remodelling of COPD thus result into the narrowing of the airways. According to Barnes (2002 p.84), three main factors are responsible for these structural changes namely; accumulation of scar tissue as a result of damage to the airways, peribronchial fibrosis as well as the over multiplication of the epithelial cells within the lining of the airways. These structural changes results into the loss of elasticity of the lung tissue and destruction of parenchyma. Alveoli is also affected because the structures feeding and supporting the alveoli are also destroyed leading to a condition referred to as emphysema. This is the most dangerous process of pathology of COPD since it results into the collapse of the small airways such as alveoli. This is very dangerous since it impedes the flow of air as well as trapping air within the lungs thus reducing lung capacity as compared to normal individuals. The other change that occurs as a result of COPD is the dysfunction of the mucociliary. Irritants that lead to inflammation of the airways also result into the inflammation of the mucosa glands that that line the airway walls in the

How lawyers reason, within field of litigation and how lawyers form Essay

How lawyers reason, within field of litigation and how lawyers form legal argument within field of litigation - Essay Example These supporting tools are of great help in terms of their importance in making the minds of judiciary to decide. II. How lawyers reason, within field of litigation   A. Litigation   The legal professions in England and Wales are divided into two segments a) Barrister and b) Solicitor. Bar Standards Board is the regulatory authority of Barrister. A Barrister must be a member of one of the Inns of Court. These are a) The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn b) The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn c) The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple and d) The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple. Mentioned courts are located in Central London, which is very near to the Royal Courts of Justice1. In England, public representatives may have the services of a barrister directly. They are there to provide legal advice and assistance in almost all spheres of laws. Barristers are entitled to represent on behalf of their clients in any court of law in England and Wales provided he or she recei ved instructions from his client to plead the case. Before taking up the case of any client, Barrister has to complete a course, which is known as special course2. The Public Access Scheme was introduced in the United Kingdom to liberalize it for public and at a cheaper fee. It further bridges the gap between solicitors and barristers. The role of Barrister and Solicitor is clearly defined in rules of business for the ease of public.    B. Precedent   Legal rulings are known as legal precedents, come from the cases of law. Rulings of the competent court of law are binding until and unless void by the superior courts. We may categorise the precedents into three categorise a) Original b) Binding and c) Persuasive. It can be used in place of statutory law in civil cases, which is familiar as common law. Judges pursue the know principles of superior courts3. Original Precedent Original Precedents are those which have never gone through the legal process ever before. Take the example of London bombing case, which was never heard by the UK Judge as this sort of incident has not been witnessed earlier. Hence, ruling in the mentioned case, is considered as Original Precedent4.    Binding Precedent If a ruling of a competent jurisdiction is the same as it was held in some similar case, this can be treated as binding precedent. For example if a person commits murder and the judge keeping in mind the circumstances, not finds the accused guilty and orders to release innocent person, therefore a case of equal standing can have the same ruling. Judges always try the cases on merits of the case5. Persuasive Precedent Persuasive precedents in fact are the decisions of subordinate courts. The decision has the legal validity provided higher court deems it fit and appropriate. There are circumstances where lower courts take the decision and the higher court did not endorse it taking into account the merits of the case6.    Precedents as Common Law Now, the courts of Engl and and Wales use precedents as Common Law. The extraordinary cases usually try in the competent court of law and their decision is binding. Precedent may be used in a similar case being heard. The rulings of circuit court or the high court are binding. However, rulings of the subordinate courts are not binding since they are challengeable in mentioned superior courts7.   Ã‚   It would not be out of place to mention that number of post 9/11and 7/7 Cases heard in UK courts were â€Å"

Critical thinking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical thinking - Essay Example And this has come with so much military concerns. In other words, religion has been a fundamental part in the organization of nations' military policies and military campaigns. This paper seeks to argue that religion is a major cause of war. In order to undertake this discourse, it is important to identify the origins of organized religion. This will provide the basis for the identification of the important variables and undertake a comparison of the era before organized religion and the era after organized religion. In providing a background to what we will call organized-religion today, Wilson identifies that â€Å"Jesus did not call what he taught Christianity nor did Buddha call what he taught Buddhism† (2011 p62). This implies that what we call religion today evolved years after the founders of those groups died. In other words, these great teachers in history lived for a given philosophy and idea that was meant to improve the lives of people and get human beings closer t o the Creator. However, after these exemplary teachers died, people who came after them sought to spread their creed and spiritual beliefs. These individuals are the ones who can institutionalize religions and make it imperative for people to adopt those religions and live according to these fundamental ideals. With time, these â€Å"religionists† philosophize and put religion in a context that binds all people and all members of the community. This is because they feel that the teachings of the founders of the sect are universal and every human being must be forced to comply with those religious ideals in order. A further analysis of the emergence of religion indicates that the founders of these religions were mainly individuals with very modest visions and modest views. However, after they died, some people believed in the institutionalization of the religious views and in doing this, they got closer to people in authority and created a symbiotic relationship that made reli gion self-serving and a tool for the control of the masses and the wider sections of the society (Gooding, 2006, p45). As Karl Marx opines, religion is the opium of the people (Ott, 2007). In his writings, Marx challenged the status quo and he identified a lot of things about the abuse of religion, power and authority. In doing this, he provides a thesis that religion is used by the people in power and the people in authority to control the masses and get them to do what the leaders want. This observation of Marx can be identified in many societies ranging from the Far East to the Atlantic and down to the southern tip of Africa and the southern continents. Religion was used by people in authority to guide and to control the minds of people in society. In notable examples, religion was used to organize Empires. Caroll writes that Emperor Constantine unified Europe and kept the Roman Empire alive through the adoption of Christianity as a state religion (2012). It is worthy to note tha t Christianity was an outlawed religion that came with a death penalty in the Roman Empire before Constantine came to power. However, realizing that there were economic challenges ahead and there was pressure and rebellion from the â€Å"barbarian† tribes in northern Europe, Constantine decided to adopt Christianity to unify the masses and create a single code. Thus, through the Church, an organized religion was formed in Europe and this helped

Improving Performance and Organizational Effectiveness Research Paper

Improving Performance and Organizational Effectiveness - Research Paper Example In this paper, we will discuss how Fortune 500 companies can achieve their goals of improving employees’ performance and organizational effectiveness. Ways to Improve Organizational Effectiveness Most of the managers of Fortune 500 companies aim at improving the elements of management, quality, and employee involvement in order to improve organizational effectives. Implementing a suitable customer relationship strategy also plays a key role in improving organizational performance (Elmuti, Jia, & Gray, 2009). Proper Management The role of managers is critical for the success of any organization. Top level and middle level management perform the role of brain for an organization that directs all departments of the organization. For example, in a healthcare organization, management assigns tasks to different departments based on the nature of tasks and the departments put their efforts to complete those tasks. Top management provides regular training to the employees not only to improve their performance but also to make them improve the quality of products. If we talk about traditional management practices, we can say that in traditional management, all business processes and decisions revolve around the top management of the organization that prevents employees from being creative and innovative. The role of managers in improving organization performance and effectiveness is also important because they lead, shape, and guide all employees to work properly to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Without proper management of employee behaviors and other issues, a company can never show good performance. Integration of Quality Quality means to provide product satisfaction to the customers. Any organization or a company can satisfy the stakeholders and the customers only if it provides them with quality in the products that they use. According to Brown (2011), quality is the key to organizational success because it leads an organization to sustain able growth and competitive advantage (p. 93). Pearce (2007) states that for a business to be effective a quality approach must cover all people and all activities at every interface within the business. Quality also means to seek continuous improvement in the products and services provided by any organization. One cannot deny the importance of quality management in an organization. Many companies and organizations firmly believe in the benefits and importance of adopting the ISO 9000:2000 standards (Al-Khalifa, Al-Salem, & Mohamed, 2008). Improving and maintaining quality of products and services is a very important point of consideration for any organization to get success in a competitive market. Quality management is an ongoing process of building and sustaining healthy working relationships between the company and its customers by providing the customers with quality products. The target of growth of business and gaining trust of customers in the competitive market can be achie ved if a company implements a proper quality management system in a company. Quality management system of any organization should base on ISO 9000 series, which represents an international agreement on the quality management practices within an organization (Uzumeri, 1997). If a company wants to attain market domination, the management of that company needs to provide its customers with the highest quality products and service. It is necessary for any organization to implement a well-developed quality management

Chapter 4 Reaction Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 4 Reaction Paper - Essay Example So many of the things around us are constructed by our own preconceptions, but it is harder to understand how we too are a product of things beyond our control. Our roles and identities are shaped by those around us, where we come from, and we are going. All of this made the chapter an excellent and sustaining read. This reading made me very introspective. It led me to reconsider my own life and my own multiple identities. I began to try to unwind some of the strands of my personality which had led me to see myself in a certain, stable way. I began to think about how much I had changed over the years and in what direction. I have always felt that I had a lot of control over my own life and that I was master of my own destiny. But now, having read this chapter, I realize how much of everyone's lives are in flux. It is a very useful point to consider how much differences can get in the way of us recognizing how truly different some people are. The point about the French girl's uniquene ss struck a chord with me. She was so different in the small community that people had a hard time getting to know her as an individual. We must be careful not to overlook such things.