The life of Rosalinda Franklin Essays - Biology,

The life of Rosalinda Franklin Rosalinda Franklin was a British chemist best known for her role in the discovery of the structure of DNA, and for her pioneering use of X-ray diffraction. She was born in 1920 in London, England. She earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Cambridge University. She learned crystallography and X-ray diffraction, and applied these techniques to discover DNA fibers. Her photographs provided key insights into DNA structure. Many scientists used her photographs as evidence to support their DNA model and took credit for the discovery. Unfortunately Franklin died of ovarian cancer in 1958, at age 37. Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born into an influential Jewish family on July 25, 1920, in Notting Hill, London, England. She displayed exceptional intelligence from early childhood; she started to show passion for science at an early age of fifteen. Franklin wanted to be a scientist. She received her education at several schools, including North London Collegiate School, where she excelled in science, among other things. She enrolled at Newnham College, Cambridge, in 1938 and studied chemistry. In 1941, she was awarded Sec ond Class Honors in her finals. Her award was accepted as a bachelor's degree in the qualifications for employment. She went on to work as an assistant research officer at the British Coal Utilisation Research Association, where she studied the porosity of coalwork that was the basis of her 1945 Ph.D. She studied t he physical chemistry of solid organic colloids with special reference to coal. In 1946, Franklin was appointed at the Laboratoire Central des Servic es Chimiques de l'Etat in Paris. S he worked with crystallographer Jacques Mering . He taught her X-ray diffraction, which played an important role in her research that led to the discovery of the structure of DNA. In addition, Franklin used X-rays to create image s of crystalized solids in identifying inorgani c matter, not just single crystals. In January 1951, she began working as a research associate at the King's College London in the biophysics unit, with director John Randall. She used her expertise and X-ray diffraction techniques to examine DNA fibers. She s tud ied DNA structure with X-ray diffraction, and made an amazing discovery with her student Raymond Gosling . They took pictures of DNA and discovered that there were two forms of it . One of their X-ray diffraction pictures of the "B" form of DNA ( Photograph 51 ) became famous as critical evidence in identifying the structure of DNA. The photo was acquired through 100 hours of X-ray exposure from a machine Franklin refined. Franklin was known for her cautious and diligent work ethic, but she was also known for her conflict with colleague Maurice Wilkins, a conflict which ended up costing her dearly . In January 1953, Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing without Franklin's permission or knowledge her Photo 51 to competing scientist James Watson, who was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge. The two scientists did in fact use Franklin's Photo 51 as the basis for their now famous model of DNA . They published it on March 7, 1953, and received a Nobel Prize in 1962. Crick and Watson were also able to take most of the credit for the finding . M uch of their work however was based on Franklin's photo s and findings. Unfortunately, Franklin didn't know that these men based their Nature article on her research, and she didn't complain either . Franklin left King's College in March 1953 and relocated to Birkbeck College, where she studied the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus and the structure of RNA. Because Randall let Franklin leave on the condition that she would not work on DNA, she turned her attention back to studies of coal. In five years, Franklin published 17 papers on viruses, and her group laid the foundations for structural virology. In the fall of 1956, Franklin discovered that she had ovarian cancer. She continued working for two years, despite her illness. She received an experimental chemotherapy treatment and experienced a 10-month remission and worked up until several weeks before her death on April 16, 1958, at the age

The Redesigned SAT Scoring System

The Redesigned SAT Scoring System    In March of 2016, the College Board administered the first Redesigned SAT test to students across the country. This new Redesigned SAT test looks quite different from the old exam! One of the major changes is the SAT scoring system. On the old  SAT exam, you received scores for Critical Reading, Math and Writing, but no subscores, area scores or specific content scores.. The Redesigned SAT Scoring system offers those scores and much more.   Confused about any of the information you see below? Ill bet! Its tough to decipher the scores if you don’t understand the Redesigned tests format. Check out the Old SAT vs. Redesigned SAT chart for an easy explanation of each tests design.  Want to know even more about the redesign? Check out  Redesigned SAT 101  for  all  the facts.   Redesigned Score Changes When taking the exam, there are a couple of things that will impact your score. First, multiple choice questions no longer have five answer choices; instead, there are four. Second, incorrect answers are no longer penalized  ¼ point. Instead, correct answers earn 1 point and incorrect answers earn 0 points. The 18 Redesigned SAT Scores On Your Report Here are the different types of scores youll receive when you get your score report. Please keep in mind that the test scores, subscores, and cross-test scores do not add up to equal the composite or area scores. They are simply reported to provide additional analysis of your skills. And yes, there are a lot of them! 2 Area Scores You can earn a 200 – 800 in each areaEvidence-Based Reading and Writing and Math will each garner a score between 200 – 800, similar to the old SAT scoring system. 1 Composite Score You can earn a 400 – 1600The composite score will be the sum of the 2 area scores for Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (not including the Essay) and Math. 3 Test Scores You can earn a 10 – 40 in each areaThe Reading Test, The Writing and Language Test, and the Math Test will each receive a separate score between 10 – 40. 3 Essay Scores You can earn a 2 – 8 in each areaThe Essay will receive three scores in 3 areas. 2 Cross-Test Scores You can earn a 10 – 40 in each areaSince texts and graphics will be used from History/Social Studies and Science across the Reading, Writing and Language, and Math tests, youll receive separate scores demonstrating your command of these topics. 7 Subscores You can earn a 1-15 in each areaThe Reading Test will receive subscores in 2 areas which are combined with 2 of the Writing Tests subscores.The Writing Test will receive subscores in 4 areas (2 of which are combined with the Reading Tests subscores).The Math Test will receive subscores in 3 areas. Scores By Content Confused yet? I was, when I first started digging in! Perhaps this will help a bit. When you get your score report back, youll see the scores divided by test sections: 1). Reading 2). Writing and Language and 3). Math. Lets look at the scores divided that way to see if it clears a few things up. The Reading Test Scores When you look at just your Reading scores youll see these four scores: A score between 200 – 800 for this test and the Writing Test combined.A score between 10 – 40 just for this test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for how youve comprehended Words in Context. Itll be labeled as such on your score report and will be combined with Words in Context results from the Writing and Language Test, too.A subscore between 1 – 15 for how youve demonstrated a Command of Evidence. Again, this subscore is taken from both Reading and Writing and Language.   The Writing and Language Test Scores Here are the six scores youll receive on your Writing and Language Test: A score between 200 – 800 for this test and the Reading Test combined.A score between 10 – 40 just for this test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for how youve comprehended Words in Context. Itll be labeled as such on your score report and will be combined with Words in Context results from the Reading Test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for how youve demonstrated a Command of Evidence. Again, this subscore is taken from both Reading and Writing and Language.A subscore between 1 – 15 for Expression of IdeasA subscore between 1 – 15 for Standard English Conventions The Math Test Scores Below, find the five scores youll see for the Math Test A score between 200 – 800 for this testA score between 10 – 40 for this test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for Heart of Algebra which is one of the content areas on the test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for Passport to Advanced Math which is one of the content areas on the test.A subscore between 1 – 15 for Problem-Solving and Data Analysis which is one of the content areas on the test. The Optional Essay Scores Taking the essay? Since its optional, you get to choose, but if youre applying to a college or university that considers the essay in its decision-making, you may need to take it whether youd like to or not. The scores are a sum of the results of 1-4 from two separate graders. Here are the scores youll see when you get your report: A score between 2 – 8 for ReadingA score between 2 – 8 for Analysis of the textA score between 2 – 8 for Writing Concordance Between the Old SAT Scores and the Redesigned SAT Scores Since the old SAT and the Redesigned SAT are very different tests, a 600 on one Math test is not equivalent to a 600 on the other. The College Board knows that and has put together sets of concordance tables for the SAT. Likewise, theyve also put together a concordance table between the ACT and the Redesigned SAT. Check it out, here.

Application of Separation of Powers in India

Application of Separation of Powers in India APPLICATION OF SEPARATION OF POWERS IN INDIA Separation of powers in Indian context: Doctrine of separation of powers is structural rather than functional. In India not only there is a ‘functional overlapping’ but there is ‘personnel overlapping’ also. A proposal of incorporation of the doctrine of separation of powers was proposed in the constituent assembly and the Constitutional history of India exhibits that the framers of the Indian constitution had no sympathy with the doctrine. In India separation of powers has not been awarded a Constitutional status. The doctrine of separation of powers is a part of the doctrine of basic structure of the Indian constitution although it isnt explicitly noted in it and consequently, no law and amendment can be surpassed violating it. The functions of various organs of the state have been diligently defined by the makers of the constitution. Parliamentary form of governance is followed in India. In Indian Constitution it is expressly mentioned that the executive power of the Union and of a state is vested by the constitution in the President and the Governor, respectively by articles 53(1) and 154(1), but there is no corresponding provision vesting the legislative and judicial powers in any organ. So accordingly it has been held that there is no strict separation of powers. Although prima facie it appears that our constitution has based itself upon doctrine of separation of powers. The Indian constitution has not entirely incorporated the doctrine of separation of powers but has taken a lot from the concept and kept it as a guiding force. The theory of separation of power has just been used as a guiding principle to separate the powers only to that extent to which it alienates the organs of the government from each other. In India fusion and not rigidity of separation of power is followed. The legislature or the executive cannot interfere with the judicial functions of the judiciary as it is independent in its field. The conduct of any judge cannot be discussed in the Parliament as per the Constitution. The High Court and the Supreme Court has been given the power of judicial review and they can declare any law passed by the Parliament as unconstitutional. The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in consultation with Chief Justice Of India and the judges of the Supreme Court. The power to formulate Rules for efficient conduct of business vests with the Supreme Court. Article 50 of the Constitution puts an obligation over the state to take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive. But since it’s a Directive Principle of State Policy, therefore it’s unenforceable. In a similar way certain constitutional provisions provide powers, privileges and immunities to MP’s, immunity from judicial scrutiny into the proceedings of the house, etc. Such provisions are thereby making legislature independent, in a way. The President is conferred with the executive power as it is provided in the Constitution. The Constitution enumerates the powers and functions of the President. The President and the Governor are immune from civil and criminal liabilities. Separation of Power- Parliament Executive India, since it is a parliamentary form of government, therefore it is based upon intimate contact and close co-ordination among the legislative and executive wings. However, the executive power vests in the President but, in reality he is only the formal head and that, the real head is the Prime Minister along with his Council of Ministers. The reading of the article 74(1) makes it clear that the executive head has to act in accordance with the aid and advice given by the cabinet. Generally the legislature is the repository of the legislative power but, under some specified circumstances President is also empowered to exercise legislative functions. Like while issuing an ordinance, framing rules and regulations relating to public service matters, formulating law while proclamation of emergency is in force. These were some instances of the executive head becoming the repository of legislative functioning. President performs judicial functions also like while assenting to death senten ces. Separation of Power- Parliament Judiciary Parliament can also exercise judicial functions, like in the matter of the breach of its privilege. In case of impeaching the President both the houses take active participation and decide the charges. Judiciary also performs various administrative functions when it has to supervise all the subordinate courts below. It exercises legislative power also when it formulates the rules regarding their own procedure for the conduct and disposal of cases. Executive functions of the legislature The legislature is prone to perform the following executive functions: a special role is played by the legislature in the executive field, especially in the parliamentary form of government. As a matter of fact, the life of the executive in a cabinet form of government is totally dependent on the will of the legislature. It is the legislature which elects the executive from itself. After election, the executive has to be responsible to the legislature. If the legislature expresses its no-confidence in the executive, the latter must resign. Thus, from birth to its death, the executive is tied to the chariot-wheel of the legislature. Legislative functions of the executive The executive also performs some legislative functions as noted below: In a parliamentary system of government the chief executive like the Queen of England and the President of India summons and prorogues the legislature. The authority can dissolve the lower house and order for fresh elections. It is a practice in almost all the countries of the world to refer the bill passed by the legislature to the chief executive for approval. Unless the chief executive okays the bill, it cannot be law. The chief executive can withhold his assent which is called the veto power of the executive over the legislature. When the legislature is in recess, some urgent laws can be made by the chief executive by promulgating ordinances which will have the force of law. The life of an ordinance varies from state to state. It is a short-term measure. This is a direct legislative fiat of the executive. In a parliamentary form of government the executive has a mass of legislative spade-work. It is the executive that initiates a bill in the legislature. So in a cabinet government a minister initiates bills in the legislature. A bill sponsored by a private member has little scope of success in the absence of direct patronage from the ministers. Thus we find that the Prasar Bharati Bill to ensure autonomy to the All India Radio and the Doordarshan was piloted by the Minister for Information and broadcasting in the V. P. Singh Government. The executive makes what is called delegated legislation. The legislature cannot make the minutest details of all laws. It frames only the broad laws. The minor aspect of the legislation is done by the rule-making powers of the executive. These rules and regulations which have the same force as law is the exclusive legislative domain of the executive. The executive also shares the legislative functions of the nature of financial legislations like the budget and theFinance Act. In India, no money bill can be introduced in the legislature without the prior approval of the President. Thus all three organs act as a check and balance to each other and work in coordination and cooperation to make our parliamentary system of governance work. India being an extremely large and diverse country needs a system like this where all organs are responsible to each other as well as coordinated to each other, otherwise making governance possible becomes a very rigid and difficult task. JUDICIAL PRONOUNCEMENTS In Keshavanand Bharti case (1973), the Supreme Court held that the amending power of the Parliament is subject to the basic features of the constitution. So, any amendment violating the basic features will be held unconstitutional. This scheme cannot be altered by even resorting to Art.368 of the constitution. In Ram Jawaya v. Punjab (1955) case, the Supreme Court held up the observation that the executive is derived from the legislature and is dependent on it for its legitimacy. Cabinet ministers in India both executive and legislative functions. Art. 74(1) gives the upper hand to the cabinet ministers over the executive by making their aid and advice mandatory for the President, who is the formal head of the State. In Indira Nehri Gandhi v. Raj Narain (1975) case, the Supreme Court held that adjudication of a dispute is a judicial function and parliament cannot even under constitutional amending power is competent to exercise this function. In Swaran Singh case (1998) the Supreme Court declared the Governor’s pardon of a convict unconstitutional. In subsequent judgments, the Supreme Court upheld the rulings of the Keshavananda Bharti case regarding the non-amend ability of the basic features of the Constitution and strict adherence to the doctrine of separation of powers.

Value Stream Analysis (VSM) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Value Stream Analysis (VSM) - Research Paper Example Due to the very broad range and depth of such a definition, this particular approach is one that seeks to gain a level of inference from a high degree of different inputs and correlate these to the overall ability/profitability/efficiency that a particular business entity reflects. Although aspects of this particular method of analysis have been utilized within other forms of business analysis, value stream analysis is one of the only methods of measure that are able to encapsulate each of these determinants in one simple panel local overview. As a function of seeking to understand value stream analysis to a greater degree, the following essay will discuss what typically defines the value stream analysis, the means of application, when they should be utilized, why they should be utilized, the in effects of utilizing value stream management within a given corporation/business entity the results of utilizing value stream management, and the overflow impacts in comparison to other strat egies that might exist as compared to values stream analysis within the business environment. As a function of this level of analysis, it is the hope of this author that the reader will come to a more profound and actionable appreciation for the fact that this particular approach is both useful and efficient in helping to define and differentiate some of the core strategies that should be approached with regards to ensuring that a profitable, efficient, and realistic scheme of inputs is utilized to bring the product to the consumer market. One of the first steps in seeking to utilize value stream analysis as an actionable way to improve efficiency and/or profitability that a given business entity can promote to the end consumer is by targeting the actual product/product lines/or business unit that will be responsible for tabulating and considering these inputs. Not only is this ineffective in accomplishing any particular goal, it reduces the importance and/or relevance of the inform ation that it is capable of providing. This is obviously due to the fact that an overarching level of analysis of a given business entity provides an ineffective basis by which business decisions and key input utility can be inferred (Bevilacqua et al, 2008). A secondary component of value stream analysis that is oftentimes overlooked is with respect to the fact that it must necessarily be performed at the lowest level of the firm; at the point where the basic inputs come into the business entity and are processed in one way or another in preparation to create the final product or service to provide the end consumer. Thirdly, once these inputs have been tabulated and understood, the current situation must be analyzed so that any existing waste or ineffective procedures can be trimmed. Fourthly, the step that oftentimes poses the greatest level of difficulty for the firm or business entity that seeks to integrate with such a process is with regards to seeking to improve upon the weak nesses or inefficiencies that have thus far been noted. Once this is understood and effected, the fifth and final step is to implement these and work towards future profitability and

Manufacturing in China and its environmental impacts Essay

Manufacturing in China and its environmental impacts - Essay Example The automotive industry played, and continues to play, a key role in this concept. The Volkswagen Group has set up two joint ventures for the manufacture of automobiles in China. While the Shanghai Volkswagen success story began in 1984, the contracts for FAW-Volkswagen were signed in the northern Chinese city of Changchun in 1990. In January 2003, another joint venture, this time producing gearboxes, began operations in Shanghai. This was followed in 2004 by a joint company for manufacturing powertrain components. Two further joint ventures for modern engines started production in 2006 and 2007. Data suggest that there is a constant steady growth during the time of study, except between the years 2001 and 2002. Primarily, the reason for this is that China has become a member of the World Trade Organization in 2001. As the sales performance shows, the Volkswagen Group has gained full advantage of this opportunity. The data clearly suggest continuous growth of product sale from 1999 to 2006; however, the market share has been reduced from a peak of 50% to 17.1% in 2006. The tendency of decrease in market share is expected, mainly due to the current and anticipated burgeoning growth of automobile ownership in China. Toyota has grown to become a large multinational corporation from where it started. It has expanded to different worldwide markets and countries by becoming the largest seller of cars in the beginning of 2007 and the most profitable automaker in 2006 with increasing sales in the world. Toyota has long been recognized as an industry leader in manufacturing and production. In retrospect, Toyota Motor Company Limited (currently Toyota Motor Corporation) was established in 1937 and started to export automotive to China since 1964. It founded Toyota Automotive Services Centre in Beijing and the Technical Support Centre in Tianjin in 1980 and 1990, respectively.

Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Social Responsibility Essay A community consists of organizations and citizens that are all tied to one certain area. What makes a community successful and effective is when both the companies and citizens work together with the same values and interests. When both organizations within a community and its citizens work together, it is a win-win situation. It makes for a better place to run an organization and a better place for its citizens to live in. Successful companies and organizations are now focusing on things other than making a profit. These companies are looking into how to make the community they serve a better place and to build a better relationship with its community which in turn, will help them operate more effectively (Investopedia, n.d.). Company Q is having a little trouble with containing a positive social responsibility with the community it serves in. Bing in a major metropolitan area, Company Q has had to close two because they were always reporting a loss. These two stores were unfortunately, located in areas where the crime-rates were higher. Company Q does not have a positive outlook on the social responsibility to its community because of the lack of trust that the management in Company Q has with their employees. Local food banks have asked Company Q to donate day-old food but Company Q has declined thinking that the company will lose money because management thinks that its employees will steal the food claiming that they are donating. The company feels that if its employees do any of this fraud or stealing, the company will lose money. One action that Company Q can take to improve its social responsibility is to increase security levels. Company Q does not have any trust in their employees so they can start by adding video surveillance to make sure that their employees are not stealing or doing any kind of fraud with the food they could be donating to the local food bank. Another type of security  measure can be to hire some sort of security or loss prevention to the stores. This kind of measure can help with keeping any stealing from both their employees and customers. Increasing the type of security can even help with keeping those stores that they had closed down in the high crime rate areas. If criminals know that there are some sort of security measures within the stores, it decreases the chances of stealing which in turn, will hopefully keep Company Q from losing money. Another action that Company Q can do is to try and find cheaper ways of finding health-conscience and organic products. This will help with decreasing the amount of products that are left unsold. They can try and find any local producers and maybe come up with a deal to buy products in bulk for a lesser price. This will help with decreasing the sales price on the items so that hopefully more customers will want to purchase more of these items. Being in a metropolitan area, the citizens in the community are very limited to the stores they can shop at since space is very limited in downtown areas. Company Q could benefit with lowering their prices on high quality, health-conscience and organic products because it would draw more customers into their stores if they were more affordable. A final action that Company Q can do is to provide some training to their management and employees. One type of training can be about ethics and the company’s code of conduct. Ethics and the company’s code of conduct training can help the employees know from right and wrong. It will help the employees understand what is expected of them as an employee. Another type of training can be employee training and activities that will help with the morale within the company. They can do activities that will help build teamwork and happiness with working in the company. These kind of activities can help promote job satisfaction. The kind of morale that would build from these activities can make the employees enjoy where they work and who they work with. Job satisfaction will make an employee want to do the right thing because they enjoy where they work. References Social Responsibility Definition | Investopedia. Investopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Oct. 2014. .

Social Justice In Education :: essays papers

Social Justice In Education â€Å"Social Justice in Education† by R. W. Connell discusses the role of education in society and the implications that social justice issues have on education. Connell begins by establishing that education and social justice can be examined separately yet they are inescapably linked through the social medium of their implementation. â€Å"Education concerns schools, colleges and universities, whose business is to pass knowledge on to the next generation. Social justice is about income, employment, pensions or physical assets like housing.†(Connell, 1993) Three points validating the equal importance of social justice and the education system to people of all delineations are: 1.) in Western society public schools are key forums of social interaction and comprise some of the largest social institutions 2.) educational institutions are highly economic bodies and have become â€Å"major public assets† (Connell, 1993) 3.) teaching becomes a vehicle by which so ciety is ultimately determined and has a great influence over society’s morality. Connell describes the meaning of justice in education as being â€Å"a question of fairness in distribution†¦ equality.†(Connell, 1993) â€Å"Justice cannot be achieved by distributing the same†¦ standard good to†¦ all social classes.†(Connell, 1993) By stating this, Connell summarizes that in the attempt to achieve equality, unequal means must be employed. The implications for teaching presented by Connell’s article are immense. The concept of equality in education and the equality of access to education are matters that are determined by the social constructs of the society in which we live. The notion of equality in education means that educators must approach all material and subject matter with a premise of unbiased predetermination. Music, math, science, fine arts, English, Japanese, history, etc†¦ must all be considered on a par. Our current educational system does not treat all subjects as equal in our public education system. The stereotypical reading, writing and arithmetic (primary subjects) take precedence over the fine arts and like subjects (secondary subjects). Social justice criteria as presented in this article, establish that economic variables are a means of determination for favouritism within the educational institution. Where the primary subjects receive ensured funding, the secondary subjects rec eive funding when deemed viable. This creates inequality at the very base of the institution itself. The result is degradation to all facets of the educational system. â€Å"The moral quality of education is inevitably affected by the moral character of educational institutions.

My Vision for Social Change Essay

My Vision for Social Change My goal in life is to grow and develop an understanding of the mysteries of human behavior, with the vision of learning new and more effective ways to assist others experience their full potentials. With this in mind, and further influenced by my career choices as a war veteran, a preacher, and a mental health counselor, I have come to the understanding that life is never in what you take. Rather, life is in what you give to effect a positive social change in your environment and /or the people around you. Using the definition provided by the Walden University, positive social change is â€Å"a deliberate process of creating and applying ideas, strategies, and actions to promote the worth, dignity, and development of individuals, communities, organizations, institutions, cultures, and societies.† (Walden University, n.d.). Embedded in this definition is the fact that positive social change is mostly made possible through deliberate and concerted efforts channel toward a specific goal. Therefore, having a vision is one thing, and realizing the vision is another. Yes, I want to help others experience their full potentials; but how will this be possible? Knowing full well that you cannot give what you do not have. This is where my choice of coming to pursue a MS in Mental Health Counseling at Walden University becomes so important. Walden University presented a vision statement of providing a â€Å"learning community where knowledge is judged rightly, to the degree that it can be applied by its graduates to the immediate solution of critical societal challenges, thereby advancing the greater global good.†(Walden University, n.d.) The practicality of this vision statement has been demonstrated. It is the truth that Walden University and I shared same vision statement. Better still, Walden University knows the how of realizing the vision, which I need to learn. Going forward, therefore, I must act on the advice provided by Matthew Buckley, â€Å"trust that the vision that you have for yourself will be realized.† (Laureate Education, Inc. 2012). He went further to say that the University professionals â€Å"are standing ready to work with you, and keep you, and support you.† (Laureate Education, Inc. 2012) References Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer), (2012). Walden MHC: Matt Buckley. Baltimore, MD. Author. Walden University. (n.d.). Scholars of change. (Video). Retrieved from http://www.waldenu.edu/About-Us/39004.htm Walden University. (n.d.). Vision and mission statements. Retrieved from http://www.waldenu.edu/About-Us/33598.htm

Environment Affects Humans Health Essay

The environment affects human health in many ways in this short passage I will talk about air pollution and polluted waters. Air pollution is everywhere, and no we do not always see it but it is their harming everyone’s health. Why is air pollution bad for children’s health because it harms their lungs and increases the chances or childhood asthma. Air pollution is harmful to children’s lungs, but adults also. Air pollution has been known to cause a number of respiratory problems. Places with a higher rate of air pollution people tend to be at higher risk of heart problems. The reason why is because of the amount of air pollution that they breather every day is not helpful. Big companies that produce lots of air pollution should try to invest some money into their facility’s, so that there is not as much air pollution formed in the area. If the air pollution is toxic is can eventually higher someone’s rate of developing cancer. This means if you liv e in an area with lots of pollution, and can see the thick pollution clouds in the air chances are there is a higher cancer rate in that area because of the pollution the people are breathing in every day. Something has to be done to stop the amount of air pollution that is forming in some areas because it is severely harmful to people’s health, and the people of the companies producing it make it sound as if it is not harmful at all. The truth is that is does a lot more damage to our health than they are telling us.On to polluted waters it is not as bad as polluted air, but it is there. Polluted water is bad for us and can make us sick when we drink it or swim in it. Low danger symptoms that might occur from it are vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, and stomach problems. Do not think these are the only types of occurred symptoms that polluted water can cause because they only become worse. Polluted water can also cause developmental and reproductive problems these problems occur when we drink the polluted water for long lengths to time. Air pollution is not the only thing that causes everyone’s nightmare cancer polluted water also can cause it. The same as air pollution and breathing it we would have to drink lots of polluted water before this occurs. Tap water is normally safe to drink, but it is good to drink filtered tap water because water pollution can still travel through our reservoirs where they filter our tap water at. They pollution is normally very little traces of it in tap water, but on occasion they will be a high amount of pollution were the water company has to let us know of the  problem. The environment we live in can affect human’s health in many more ways than explained. We as humans create most the problems with the environment that we are faced with. Unfortunately I doubt that will change anytime soon, maybe in the far future. The two types of environmental problems I discussed were air and water pollutions and the harm that they do to humans.

Demography of Harbor Hills, Austin, TX

Demography of Harbor Hills, Austin, TX History of the Neighborhoods In this social economic analysis, I will focus on Austin city located in Texas as well as Harbor Hills in New York. Austin is the capital city of the US state of Texas. It has a population of approximately one million people according to US Census Bureau. Since its foundation in the 19th century, Austin has grown in an unprecedented rate to become eleventh most populous city in the US.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Demography of Harbor Hills, Austin, TX specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the city hosts a myriad of government operations and education institutions such as University of Texas. It is worth mentioning that the city has a cosmopolitan composition of population in the sense that many people living in the area come from different races, nationalities and ethnicities. To that end, racial, ethnic and other demographic characteristics of Austin are of paramount importance i n this analysis. Besides, the report will also analyze other variables including poverty levels in comparison to racial and ethnic belonging and background. For the purposes of qualitative analysis and comparison, the paper will also focus on demography of Harbor Hills in New York. Harbor Hills has as modest population of around five thousand people. It reflects a hamlet and is located in Nassau County in New York. The city will provide important variables that will be of interest especially when making comparison of various demographic parameters such as poverty rates and racial background. Fig 1: Racial Composition of Austin, TX Race Population Percentage (%) Total Population: 1,007,264 White Alone 699,233 69.4% Black or African American Alone 85,468 8.5% American Indian and Alaska Native Alone 5,633 0.6% Asian Alone 58,806 5.8% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Alone 770 0.1% Some Other Race Alone 133,673 13.3% Two or More races 23,681 2.4% The mot ivation behind this analysis is the fact that Travis County is one of the most diverse counties not only in Southwest of the United States but also in other areas of the country. The rationale is that the entire state of Texas has experienced unsurpassed rate of immigration leading to a multiethnic population. Most profoundly, Blacks and Hispanics have become significant races within Texas and its cities. Harbor Hills will serve as a point of reference when making comparison about poverty levels and ethnic belonging of the city residents. Besides, the demographic analysis will utilize both dependent and independent variables to arrive at a succinct analysis of the city.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Description of Variables In this analysis, rate of poverty will stand out as of the major variable. It refers to the number of people living below certain threshold. Acco rding to the United States Census Bureau, poverty rate refers to the number of people living below minimum wage. On the other hand, minimum wage is the threshold of income per person in employment that International Labor Organization (ILO) stipulates. It varies from time to time due to other factors such as the rate of inflation and jurisdiction. In Harbor Hills and Austin, analysis of poverty rates will provide us with vital statistics. Besides, analysis of rates of poverty will facilitate explanation of other demographic and external variables such as income and literacy levels. Second, the paper will analyze the rates of poverty visvis ethnic and racial backgrounds of the residents in both neighborhoods. It is important to point out that rate of poverty is directly associated with level of education and race. Due to different cultures and demography, comparison of the two neighborhoods will reveal other characteristics that are pertinent to the analysis. Empirical Profile of the Neighborhoods Poverty rates in Austin vary greatly in accordance to race and ethnicity. The major races in the city are Whites, Black and African Americans, Hispanics, Indian Americans and other races. The Whites constitute approximately 69.4% of the total population while the Blacks and Africans constitute just above 8.5%. Other races constitute approximately 20% of the population. According to 2010 statistics released by US Census Bureau, poverty rate in Austin varies with age. Poverty rate of children under the age of 18 years stand at 22.1% implying that at least two out of ten children living in Austin live under poor conditions. For the population of people between the ages of 18 and 64 years, poverty rate stood at 15.5%. Above 64 years, poverty rate of the population seem to have reduced within the period of analysis. It stood at an average of 8.1%. On average, poverty rate in the city of Austin is just above 15%. According to the US Census Bureau, the rate of poverty remain s high when compared to the national average that was 12% in the same year. Various factors are attributable to high rates of poverty in Austin. At the outset, it is of importance to mention that level of education and race are major determinants of poverty rates in the neighborhood.  On average, Austin’s income per household is around $88 thousands annually. In black households, the average level of income stands at just below $50, 000 annually.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Demography of Harbor Hills, Austin, TX specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is different from the average annual income accruing Whites’ households that stood at approximately $96, 499 during the same period. Consequently, the disparities that are apparent in terms of incomes also reflect in other aspects of Austin. For instance, poverty levels among the blacks stand at about 24.3% while that of Whites is a mere 13.3% (in the year 2010). In addition, it is worth highlighting that other races residing in Austin record a significantly higher rate of poverty than the white population. Central to the rate of poverty is the level of education across the ethnic groups living in Austin. Apparently, over a quarter of the population has attained a bachelor’s degree while almost an equal proportion of the population has some college education. Education is an important indicator of the likelihood of being absorbed in the labor market according to many social scientists. As such, its rate either increases or reduces the likelihood of employment and influences the amount of income accruing each household. To this end, it is important to pinpoint that that rate of unemployment amongst the white population stood at a modest 5.9% in the neighborhood. Among the blacks, the rate of unemployment is more than twice when compared to that of the white population. It stood at 12.4% according to the statistics released by Census Bureau in 2010. This helps us to draw a conclusion and deduce that average white population is more literate than respective black population in Austin. This is reflected in the disparities of income per household and the rate of unemployment between the two major races living in the city Austin. In Harbor Hills, New York, poverty rates are relatively low when compared to Austin. Particularly, the number of poor children stood at five in 2001accounting for 0.8% of children under the age 18 that live in abject poverty. This number has grown in a period of 10 years to peak at 3.2% in 2011. For ages between 24 and 64 years, the rate of poverty has increased from 5.1% to 7.1 between 2001 and 2011 respectively. Nonetheless, the rate of poverty among the senior citizens has reduced marginally from 5.3% in 2001 to 4.8% by 2011. On average, Harbor Hills has one of the lowest rates of poverty in Nassau County. It is important to highlight that poverty levels vary considerably in l ine with racial belonging and education attainment of the residents. Unlike in Austin, Harbor Hills has one of the lowest rates poverty accruing the black population and other minority races. According to the US Census Bureau, the rate of poverty among the black population stood at 0.5% in 2010, which was a lower rate of poverty than that of the majority white population. In fact, the rate of poverty among white residents of the neighborhood stood at 6.8% in 2011.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The mean income accruing every household in Harbor Hills was approximately $83,275 in 2010. While the statistics for the annual income accruing black households was unavailable by the end of 2010, every white household recorded an average annual income of about $83, 451. This implies that the households had a higher per household income than all other racial groups in the neighborhood. While income per household is a strong exogenous variable that influences poverty rates within a community, other factors such as education attainment contribute significantly to the welfare of the residents. US Census Bureau records that an average of 48.7% of the population has attained a bachelor’s degree with well above 20% of the population having achieved a graduate degree. This implies that a considerable majority of the residents is able to access employment opportunities in both military and civilian institutions. Due to high level of educational attainment, it is critical to highlight that Harbor Hills has a different social economic profile than Austin. In addition, the number of people living in the neighborhood is relatively low when compared to the residents of Austin. It therefore follows that population density of the two neighborhoods vary greatly despite similar variables typifying the communities. Besides, seems to be ‘an above average’ suburb in terms of socio-economic parameters that are provided by US Census Bureau. Conclusion In essence, Austin and Harbor Hills neighborhoods vary greatly. On the one hand, Austin is located in Travis County, Texas in Southwest of the US. It is the capital city of Texas and hosts myriads of state institutions and departments. Due to its geographical location, Austin has different social groups belonging to various races, ethnicities and nationalities. White and black races are the predominant races although there are other races in the city. According to the US Census Bureau report of 2010, poverty rates among the white residents are lower than poverty rates among the black residents. Consequently, there is a higher level of average annual income accruing white households than black households. This is due to the average levels of unemployment and educational attainment that are skewed in favor of the white population. On the other hand, Harbor Hills is located in Long Island of New York. It is a relatively affluent suburb of New York City in the county of Nassau. Unlike Austin, Harbor Hills has a low population of about five thousand people. However, the residents have different ethnicities, races and nationalities. Moreover, the rates of poverty are relatively lower than in Austin. The levels of income and unemployment are more favorable for Harbor Hills; residents than for Austin dwellers. Reflection From the above demographic analysis, I have learned various lessons that are valuable to my social research and inquiry skills. At the outset, I have learnt that the level of income accruing every household is an important indicator of poverty level and status. However, households’ income is a dependent variable that correlates with levels of education attainment, unemployment and racial background. It is not surprising therefore, that black population in Austin suffers from the highest rates of unemployment and the lowest levels of educational attainment. This in turn has led to high number of black residents living under conditions of poverty and subsequently, low incomes accruing their households. Second, I have learnt that Austin has a higher number of residents (approximately one million) than Harbor Hills (five thousand). This has had a significant influence on the statistics that US Census Bureau released in 2010. For instance, it is absurd to purport that no student dropped out of high school in Harbor Hills since the statistics indicate a figure that is well below 1% in 2010. Indeed, the percentages do not reveal the actual number of people high lighted by various variables. Third, I have understood that Harbor Hills is relatively affluent than Austin. The rationale is that the neighborhood has a population of black residents who are comparatively wealthier than white residents are. Besides, it seems that only the wealthy blacks can afford to live in Harbor Hills. This is reflected in the high level of educational attainment in the neighborhood. It is commendable that the rates of literacy in the area are above 95%. Finally, I have learnt that Austin city is of strategic importance for the state of Texas. The reason is that the city has a rich diversity that can be used to draw general conclusions about the demographic characteristics of other cities.

TOK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TOK - Essay Example In other words, the relativist argues that there is no objective or unbiased way of distinguishing between these different sets of norms. Therefore, the relativist’s central argument is that an assertion’s position as true or false is relative to the criteria applied in assessing this assertion. The principle of relativism is often attributed to Protagoras, who argues that â€Å"any given thing is to me such as it appears to me, and is to you such as it appears to you† (Siegel 1998, 35). Protagorean relativism is described by Plato’s Socrates as basing on the assumption that â€Å"what seems true to anyone is true for him to whom it seems so† (Siegel 1998, 35). This assumption is a kind of relativism because for the Protagorean there is no norm greater than the person, with his/her own particular position in place, time, culture, context, and so on—with mention of which assertions of truth, and thus knowledge, can be evaluated. Critics of relativism have presented numerous arguments against the principle; without a doubt the most essential is the argument that relativism is self-contradictory or self-referentially incoherent, which is a logical fallacy where in â€Å"some claims is made which, upon being applied to itself, refutes itself† (Dancy, Sosa, & Steup 2010, 677). There are different accounts of the incoherence argument. The strongest is that relativism disqualifies the chance of establishing the truth, or, the epistemic value of questionable assumptions and arguments, including itself, because as stated by relativism no assumption or argument can fail any evaluation of epistemic sufficiency or be deemed false or unfounded (Eaton 1925). For instance, Protagorean relativism: the argument â€Å"what seems true [or justified] to anyone is true [or justified] for him to whom it seems so† (Siegel 1998, 35) implies that no genuine assertion can fail to be true or be reasonably evaluated to be false.

Women in the US Military Speech or Presentation

Women in the US Military - Speech or Presentation Example Ever since, women have assumed powerful positions in the defense system of America. Women as nurses in military During the Spanish-American war conducted in 1898, thousands of American soldiers had yellow fever, typhoid, and malaria (â€Å"Highlights in the†). The Army Medical Department had to deal with too much with limited resources. Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) were assigned the task of selecting qualified and professional nurses to serve the US Army upon the suggestion of Dr. Anita Newcomb McGee to the Army Surgeon General. Army hospitals appointed 1500 civilian contract nurses before the end of the war in different regions including Hawaii, the US, Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba, and the Hospital Ship Relief. Dr. McGee was made the Acting Assistant Surgeon General who was asked to write legislation for the establishment of a permanent nurses’ corpse in the US Army. Deployment of women in the combat zone The number of American women that partici pated in the First World War was over 35000 (â€Å"Early Women Soldiers†). As a result of war, American military forces saw a shortage of male recruits. That was when the US Navy and Marine Corps actively solicited women to serve in the combat troops in an attempt to fill up the gap. Thousands of women applied for the positions as Marine Corps Yeoman whereas the call of Navy to become Yeomanettes was responded to by over 11000 women (â€Å"Early Women Soldiers†). In 2013, long-stayed ban on the inclusion of women in the combat positions was lifted. Lifting of this ban can be attributed to the fact that women today are an integral part of the US military and have been showing their interest in undertaking physically demanding roles in military as tough as performance in the combat zone. Women in the American army have found themselves increasingly in the combat’s reality during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. â€Å"It's clear to all of us that women are contri buting in unprecedented ways to the military's mission of defending the nation†¦The fact is that American women are already serving in harm's way today all over the world and in every branch of our armed forces†¦Many have made the ultimate sacrifice, and our nation owes them a deep debt of gratitude† (Panetta cited in â€Å"Military leaders lift†). Timeline of women in military (â€Å"Timeline: Women in†) in DoSomething.org provides a detailed account of women in military through a timeline as shown below. 1846-1848 Elizabeth Newcom, a woman got enlisted in the Mexican-American war posing as a man. She covered a distance of 600 miles with the infantry before getting identified as a woman and being discharged for that. 1861-1865 Women nursed the soldiers that were wounded in the American Civil War, but still did not have military status. 1901 America established the Army Nurse Corps whereas the Navy Nurse Corps was established eight years after that. 191 7-1918 Armed forces started to consider assignment of administrative roles to the women like the roles of stenographers and operators. In addition to that, two women became members of the Coast Guard for the first time. 1941-1945 During the Second World War, armed forces finally enlisted and included women in almost every job which was not combat support or combat. June 12, 1948 The Women’s Armed Services Integration Act was signed by President Truman. This Act established a permanent place for women in every branch of the military. As a result of this Act, military was made one of the first organizations to provide women with pay equal to the pay of men in all tasks assigned to the women employees. However, there was an upper limit to which women could be promoted in the military; lieutenant colonel was the